Table 4.
Changes in blood and urine examination results following administration of dapagliflozin (mean and SD)
| Pre-intervention | Post-intervention | Change by intervention | p value† | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total ketone, μM‡ | A | 94.2 ± 77.2 | 189.2 ± 262.9 | 95.0 ± 270.6 | 0.029 |
| B | 85.0 ± 57.8 | 221.3 ± 193.9 | 136.3 ± 161.3 | <0.001 | |
| p value§ | 0.66 | 0.4 | 0.25 | ||
| β-hydroxybutyric acid, μM‡ | A | 59.4 ± 58.3 | 131.1 ± 205.2 | 71.7 ± 208.5 | 0.02 |
| B | 52.6 ± 42.4 | 148.8 ± 141.9 | 96.2 ± 119.5 | <0.001 | |
| p value§ | 0.72 | 0.5 | 0.35 | ||
| Acetoacetic acid, μM | A | 34.8 ± 21.4 | 58.1 ± 59.7 | 23.3 ± 63.4 | 0.06 |
| B | 32.5 ± 17.6 | 72.5 ± 54.7 | 40.0 ± 45.3 | <0.001 | |
| p value§ | 0.66 | 0.35 | 0.26 | ||
| HbA1c, mmol/mol | A | 60.9 ± 9.3 | 57.3 ± 8.3 | −3.7 ± 3.7 | <0.001 |
| B | 64.6 ± 9.5 | 60.9 ± 8.0 | −3.7 ± 3.2 | <0.001 | |
| p value§ | 0.15 | 0.1 | 0.98 | ||
| Blood glucose, mg/dl | A | 175.1 ± 64.4 | 153.1 ± 50.2 | −22.0 ± 85.5 | 0.18 |
| B | 192.7 ± 87.0 | 175.8 ± 58.2 | −16.9 ± 72.5 | 0.24 | |
| p value§ | 0.39 | 0.12 | 0.81 | ||
| CPR, ng/ml‡ | A | 0.42 ± 1.34 | 0.34 ± 0.74 | −0.08 ± 0.77 | 0.78 |
| B | 0.09 ± 0.17 | 0.13 ± 0.27 | 0.04 ± 0.12 | 0.1 | |
| p value§ | 0.17 | 0.25 | |||
| CPR index‡ | A | 0.15 ± 0.24 | 0.44 ± 1.06 | −0.01 ± 0.05 | 0.15 |
| B | 0.09 ± 0.14 | 0.15 ± 0.26 | 0.06 ± 0.12 | 0.26 | |
| p value§ | 0.88 | 0.59 | 0.93 | ||
| Erythrocytes, ×104/μl | A | 456.4 ± 41.5 | 468.8 ± 38.0 | 14.0 ± 16.4 | <0.001 |
| B | 459.6 ± 41.0 | 466.4 ± 43.3 | 10.9 ± 17.7 | 0.004 | |
| p value§ | 0.78 | 0.82 | 0.51 | ||
| Hematocrit, % | A | 41.4 ± 3.1 | 42.9 ± 2.8 | 1.6 ± 1.6 | <0.001 |
| B | 41.3 ± 3.0 | 42.1 ± 3.7 | 1.1 ± 1.6 | 0.003 | |
| p value§ | 0.92 | 0.33 | 0.22 | ||
| AST, IU/L‡ | A | 22.9 ± 10.5 | 25.1 ± 10.5 | 2.2 ± 4.7 | 0.02 |
| B | 22.9 ± 10.4 | 22.0 ± 11.0 | −0.8 ± 7.7 | 0.32 | |
| p value§ | 0.95 | 0.15 | 0.018 | ||
| ALT, IU/L‡ | A | 19.7 ± 16.3 | 21.6 ± 16.9 | 1.9 ± 3.8 | 0.011 |
| B | 20.7 ± 10.8 | 18.4 ± 8.2 | −2.3 ± 4.7 | 0.01 | |
| p value§ | 0.4 | 0.48 | <0.001 | ||
| γGTP, IU/L‡ | A | 20.9 ± 11.5 | 19.4 ± 9.9 | −1.6 ± 3.7 | 0.021 |
| B | 23.9 ± 17.2 | 21.0 ± 12.9 | −3.8 ± 6.7 | <0.001 | |
| p value§ | 0.66 | 0.88 | 0.06 | ||
| UA, mg/dl | A | 4.5 ± 1.0 | 4.0 ± 1.2 | 0.5 ± 0.7 | 0.002 |
| B | 4.8 ± 1.3 | 4.2 ± 1.4 | −0.6 ± 0.7 | <0.001 | |
| p value§ | 0.36 | 0.52 | 0.64 | ||
| Serum albumin, g/dl | A | 4.18 ± 0.26 | 4.31 ± 0.28 | 0.13 ± 0.19 | 0.001 |
| B | 4.12 ± 0.26 | 4.15 ± 0.23 | 0.04 ± 0.23 | 0.34 | |
| p value§ | 0.42 | 0.022 | 0.13 |
Continuous variables were expressed as mean ± SD. †One-sample t test was applied. ‡Continuous variables are transformed into log scale. §Two-sample t test was applied. CPR, connecting peptide immunoreacivity; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; γGTP, gamma-glutamyltransferase; UA, urinalysis.