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. 2022 Sep 8;7(10):1558–1567. doi: 10.1038/s41564-022-01223-8

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — a, CpG content of example virus genomes; observed/expected ratios (based on mononucleotide composition) for HIV-1, Sindbis virus and several picornaviruses. b, Schematic diagram of reporter EV-A71 containing the NanoLuc luciferase gene (blue) and a 2A cleavage site. P1, P2 and P3 indicate the primary processed proteins derived from the EV-A71 polyprotein. The recoded region (dashed line box) is approximately 1 kb and encodes a portion of the polyprotein located in P2 and P3. c, Summary of the recoding modifications introduced in the EV-A71 genome. d–f, Replication of reporter EV-A71 mutants in ZAP^+/+ or ZAP^−/− HeLa cells. NanoLuc luciferase activity was measured every 12 h (d). Summary of NanoLuc luciferase levels at 60 h post infection, mean ± s.d. of 3 independent experiments (e). Viral RNA levels measured at 60 h post infection, mean ± s.d. of 3 independent experiments (f). g, Replication of EV-A71(CG-48)/A+ in ZAP^+/+ or ZAP^−/− HeLa cells over 4 passages. At 4 d post initial infection, supernatants were collected, filtered through a 0.22 µm filter and used to infect a fresh culture of cells.

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