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. 2022 Sep 23;7(10):1635–1649. doi: 10.1038/s41564-022-01235-4

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 6 — a, Waffle charts showing the occurrence of R1-32-like IgH sequences in a cohort of 20 COVID-19 patients and 25 healthy donors^22–24. Created with BioRender.com. b, Violin plot showing the comparison of percentages of R1-32-like IgH sequences in IGHV1-69-encoded IgH gene repertoires across the COVID-19 patients and healthy donors. c, Violin plot showing the comparison of usage of IGHD5-12 that paired with IGHV1-69 across the COVID-19 patients and healthy donors. Statistics for the violin plots are unpaired non-parametric Mann-Whitney tests. d, Pie charts showing the isotype distribution of R1-32-like IgH sequences in COVID-19 patients and healthy donors. e, Identity-divergence plot showing the clonal expansion of R1-32-like antibody lineages from day 12 to day 20 after symptom onset in a representative COVID-19 patient. All IGHV1-69 sequences in the repertoires were plotted as a function of sequence divergence from IGHV1-69 germline gene (x axis) and sequence identity to an R1-32-like clone PtQ12_28 (y axis). Colour gradient indicates sequence density. f, Multiple sequence alignment of R1-32 with selected R1-32-like IgH sequences identified from the COVID-19 patients and healthy donors^22–24, as well as several previously reported R1-32-like mAb sequences^25–29. The germline gene sequence is used as the reference. The RBD-contact residues in R1-32 or FC08 are coloured red, with those involved in hydrogen bonding underlined. The amino acid residues identical to the germline sequence are dotted.