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. 2022 Mar 22;71(11):2619–2629. doi: 10.1007/s00262-021-03135-8

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Fig. 5 — B-cell dysregulation is a systemic feature of CRC. A Example of flow cytometric analysis of B cell subsets in PBMC. CD19⁺ B cells were allocated to naïve, memory and memory effector subsets based on IgD and CD27. Naive B cells were divided into T1 and T2 transitional B cells based on CD38 and CD24 expression. Total B cells were assessed for plasmablasts (CD38^hi CD27⁺ CD19⁺) and switching to IgA and IgG isotypes. B Proportions of above subsets in HC vs. CRC donor blood. Mann Whitney tests were used to compare groups (n = 20 HC; n = 11 CRC) and statistically significant differences are indicated. C Intracellular cytokine staining of B cells from HC PBMC before and after stimulation with PMA and ionomycin, showing their capacity for TNF-α and IFN-γ production (representative of three independent experiments)