Table 3.

Association between perioperative variables and overall survival

	Unadjusteda		Full modelb
	Hazard ratio (95% CI)	p-value	Hazard ratio (95% CI)	p-value
Gender
Female (reference)	1		1
Male	1.27 (1.01–1.60)	0.043	1.29 (1.03–1.80)	0.029
Age at time of surgery
< 60 (reference)	1		1
60–69	1.10 (0.83–1.46)	0.512	1.00 (0.73–1.38)	0.987
≥ 70	1.86 (1.38–2.50)	< 0.001	1.81 (1.27–2.56)	0.001
ECOG status
ECOG 0 (reference)	1		1
ECOG 1	1.53 (1.04–2.23)	0.030	1.54 (1.01–2.37)	0.046
ECOG 2	2.10 (1.42–3.12)	< 0.001	1.72 (1.12–2.66)	0.014
ECOG 3–4	2.34 (1.52–3.60)	< 0.001	2.46 (1.50–4.03)	< 0.001
Primary tumor
Lung (reference)	1		1
Colon/rectum	1.45 (1.00–2.10)	0.053	1.48 (0.95–2.33)	0.086
Melanoma	0.86 (0.63–1.16)	0.312	1.04 (0.49–1.79)	0.886
Breast	0.56 (0.34–0.92)	0.023	0.72 (0.70–1.53)	0.306
Kidney	0.84 (0.49–1.44)	0.532	0.94 (0.49–1.79)	0.839
Other	0.86 (0.57–1.29)	0.463	0.98 (0.61–1.57)	0.916
Unknown origin	1.16 (0.75–1.81)	0.509	0.85 (0.48–1.51)	0.584
Chemotherapy any time prior to surgery
No (reference)	1		1
Yes	1.23 (0.97–1.56)	0.095	1.30 (0.86–1.93)	0.215
Extracranial metastases
No (reference)	1		1
Yes	1.56 (1.23–1.98)	< 0.001	1.52 (1.10–2.10)	0.011
Not evaluated	1.07 (0.60–1.90)	0.817	0.85 (0.42–1.71)	0.647
Status of extracranial disease
Stable (reference)	1		1
Progressive	2.08 (1.47–2.94)	< 0.001	1.25 (0.80–1.95)	0.324
Synchronous disease	1.27 (0.94–1.72)	0.114	1.27 (0.85–1.89)	0.247
Unknown	1.49 (1.07–2.09)	0.020	1.14 (0.74–1.76)	0.545
Grade of resection
Subtotal (reference)	1		1
Gross total	0.67 (0.53–0.85)	0.001	0.66 (0.51–0.87)	0.003
Location of brain metastasis
Supratentorial (reference)	1		1
Infratentorial	1.09 (0.83–1.43)	0.551	1.21 (0.87–1.69)	0.260
Median size (diameter)	1.17 (1.06–1.29)	0.002	1.15 (1.04–1.28)	0.010

Italic values = statistically significant values

^aUnadjusted model = univariable regression analysis

^bFull model = multivariable regression analysis