Table 3.
Univariate and multivariate analyses for factors associated with overall survival
| Characteristics | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR | 95% CI | p Value | HR | 95% CI | p Value | ||
| Age (yrs) | > 60 versus ≤ 60 | 1.797 | 0.773–4.175 | 0.173 | |||
| Gender | Male versus female | 1.091 | 0.326–3.650 | 0.887 | |||
| ECOG ≥ 1 | Yes versus no | 2.78 | 1.226–6.302 | 0.014 | 1.889 | 0.774–4.608 | 0.162 |
| Etiology (viral hepatitis) | Yes versus no | 0.6 | 0.258–1.400 | 0.237 | |||
| Tumor number | Multiple versus single | 0.782 | 0.336–1.818 | 0.568 | |||
| Tumor ≥ 50% liver volume | Yes versus no | 1.955 | 0.833–4.586 | 0.123 | |||
| Main portal vein invasion | Yes versus no | 1.049 | 0.393–2.798 | 0.923 | |||
| Bile duct involvement | Yes versus no | 6.002 | 1.338–26.934 | 0.019 | 2.525 | 0.524–12.173 | 0.249 |
| Extrahepatic metastasis | Yes versus no | 0.621 | 0.274–1.408 | 0.254 | |||
| BCLC stage | Stage C versus B | 1.089 | 0.408–2.906 | 0.865 | |||
| AFP ng/mL | > 400 versus ≤ 400 | 2.16 | 0.952–4.902 | 0.065 | 2.219 | 0.950–5.187 | 0.066 |
| NLR | > 2.5 versus ≤ 2.5 | 1.179 | 0.468–2.969 | 0.727 | |||
| > 5 versus ≤ 5 | 1.832 | 0.735–4.566 | 0.194 | ||||
| INR | > 1.2 versus ≤ 1.2 | 0.575 | 0.240–1.382 | 0.216 | |||
| Platelet count | > 100 versus ≤ 100 | 1.308 | 0.490–3.492 | 0.592 | |||
| ALT, U/L | > 40 versus ≤ 40 | 0.816 | 0.370–1.798 | 0.614 | |||
| AST, U/L | > 40 versus ≤ 40 | 1.222 | 0.523–2.853 | 0.643 | |||
| Child–Pugh class | Class B versus A | 2.629 | 1.153–5.994 | 0.021 | 2.646 | 1.053–6.651 | 0.039 |
| ALBI grade | m2b/ 3 versus 1/m2a | 1.837 | 0.836–4.037 | 0.13 | |||
| Fib-4 score | > 6.5 versus ≦ 6.5 | 1.338 | 0.558–3.207 | 0.514 | |||
| Systemic treatment | ≧ 2nd line versus 1st line | 1.182 | 0.531–2.635 | 0.682 | |||
| MKI experience | Yes versus No | 1.205 | 0.531–2.735 | 0.655 | |||
| Nivolumab experience | Yes versus no | 3.335 | 1.381–8.055 | 0.007 | 3.34 | 1.277–8.734 | 0.014 |
| Early AFP response (≥ 10%)a | Yes versus no | 1.633 | 0.472–5.650 | 0.438 | |||
| Early AFP response (any)b | Yes versus no | 1.164 | 0.337–4.023 | 0.81 | |||
53 patients with baseline AFP ≥ 10 ng/ml were analyzed
AFP alpha-fetoprotein, ALT alanine aminotransferase, AST aspartate aminotransferase, BCLC barcelona clinic liver cancer, CI confidence interval, ECOG eastern cooperative oncology group, INR international normalized ratio, MKI multikinase inhibitor, NLR neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio
aAFP reduction ≥ 10% within 4 weeks according to 10–10 rule
bAFP reduction in any degree within 4 weeks