Table 15.

Indications met for metabolic surgery

BMI of greater than 37.5 kg/m2

BMI of greater than 32.5 kg/m2 in combination with high-risk comorbid conditions, such as sleep apnea, diabetes mellitus, or degenerative joint disease.

Acceptable operative risk

Failure of non-surgical weight loss programs

Psychologically stable with realistic expectations

Well-informed and motivated patient with support from family/social

Contraindications to bariatric surgery

Reduced life expectancy (untreated schizophrenia, active substance abuse, noncompliance with previous medical care)