MBD3sc induces DNA bending upon binding to CpG-free–rich and mCpG-free–rich DNA substrates.A and B, representative AFM images of MBD3sc on the linear CpG-free–rich (A) and on mCpG-free–rich DNA (B). The XY scale bar is 200 nm. Inset: An expanded 3-D image of the indicated region. C and D, analysis of the binding position of MDB3sc on the linear CpG-free–rich and mCpG-free–rich substrates. Over 41% of MBD3sc (N = 119 out of 287) binds to the CpG-rich region (38% to 50%) (C) and 45% of MBD3sc (N = 138 out of 306) binds to the mCpG-rich region (D). E and F, DNA-bending angles induced upon MBD3sc binding to the CpG-free region (47° ± 26°, mean ± SD, N = 168) and CpG-rich region (68° ± 28°, N = 119) on CpG-free–rich DNA (E) and upon binding to the CpG-free region (36° ± 26°, N = 168) and m-CpG–rich region on mCpG-free–rich DNA (82° ± 30°, N = 138) on the mCpG-free–rich DNA (F). MBD, methyl-CpG–binding domain; CpG, cytosine-guanosine dinucleotide; mCpG, methylated CpG.