TABLE 2.
Association between type 2 (T2) asthma phenotypes and clinical features
| Participants | Atopy-only | Eos-only | T2-high | T2-low | p-value | |
| Children: wheeze (age <6 years) | 219 | 40 | 31 | 37 | 111 | |
| Female | 12 (30.0) | 11 (35.5) | 10 (27.0) | 38 (34.2) | 0.8260 | |
| BMI (kg·m−2) | 16.32±1.75 | 16.68±1.65 | 16.16±1.77 | 16.44±1.53 | 0.2987 | |
| Passive smoker | 1 (2.6) | 1 (3.2) | 2 (5.4) | 4 (3.6) | 0.9267 | |
| Maternal history of asthma | 3 (7.9) | 3 (10.3) | 11 (29.7) | 27 (24.8) | 0.0345 | |
| Paternal history of asthma | 7 (18.4) | 6 (20.7) | 9 (24.3) | 18 (16.5) | 0.7565 | |
| Eczema | 13 (32.5) | 2 (6.5) | 21 (56.8) | 16 (14.4) | <0.0001 | |
| Hay fever | 8 (20.0) | 0 (0.0) | 11 (29.7) | 1 (0.9) | <0.0001 | |
| Sum of sIgE | 102.93±157.99c,d,d | 6.57±0.18d,d | 199.57±166.49c,d,d | 6.63±0.39d,d | <0.0001 | |
| Siblings | 29 (72.5) | 21 (67.7) | 28 (75.7) | 65 (58.6) | 0.1732 | |
| Daycare | 31 (81.6) | 19 (61.3) | 33 (89.2) | 80 (72.1) | 0.0369 | |
| Eosinophil counts (cells·µL−1) | 262.4±138.8a,d,d | 821.9±498.4d,d | 893.4±355.0d,d | 208.6±124.3a,d,d | <0.0001 | |
| Neutrophil counts (cells·µL−1) | 3164.5±1193.4 | 3622.9±1187.7 | 3750.7±1640.4 | 3408.7±1488.8 | 0.3147 | |
| Children: asthma (age ≥6 years) | 254 | 105 | 6 | 102 | 41 | |
| Female | 42 (40.0) | 2 (33.3) | 29 (28.4) | 17 (41.5) | 0.2832 | |
| BMI (kg·m−2) | 21.24±6.22b | 18.67±3.00 | 18.90±4.16b | 20.20±5.37 | 0.0116 | |
| Passive smoker | 20 (19.6) | 0 (0.0) | 12 (11.8) | 4 (10.0) | 0.2162 | |
| Maternal history of asthma | 25 (24.8) | 0 (0.0) | 28 (27.7) | 12 (29.3) | 0.4636 | |
| Paternal history of asthma | 22 (21.8) | 0 (0.0) | 25 (24.8) | 6 (14.6) | 0.3280 | |
| Eczema | 45 (42.9) | 1 (16.7) | 49 (48.0) | 8 (19.5) | 0.0079 | |
| Hay fever | 58 (55.2) | 1 (16.7) | 59 (57.8) | 3 (7.3) | <0.0001 | |
| Sum of sIgE | 148.11±126.58a,c,d | 6.84±0.43c,c | 194.67±156.64a,c,d | 6.59±0.27d,d | <0.0001 | |
| Siblings | 79 (75.2) | 6 (100.0) | 80 (78.4) | 30 (73.2) | 0.4919 | |
| Eosinophil counts (cells·µL−1) | 256.6±124.4d | 591.0±145.5a,d | 804.5±330.4a,d,d | 225.4±112.6d,d | <0.0001 | |
| Neutrophil counts (cells·µL−1) | 3795.0±2335.9 | 3644.8±1520.8 | 3636.0±1799.3 | 3341.5±953.5 | 0.9943 | |
| Adults: asthma | 211 | 83 | 36 | 52 | 40 | |
| Female | 51 (61.4) | 22 (61.1) | 20 (38.5) | 26 (65.0) | 0.0268 | |
| BMI (kg·m−2) | 28.11±5.62 | 27.95±7.38 | 27.66±4.90 | 27.39±5.38 | 0.9355 | |
| Active smoker | 6 (7.2) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (6.0) | 4 (10.0) | 0.3369 | |
| Ex-smoker | 37 (44.6) | 18 (50.0) | 18 (34.6) | 20 (50.0) | ||
| Never-smoker | 40 (48.2) | 28 (50.0) | 31 (59.6) | 16 (40.0) | ||
| Maternal history of asthma | 12 (14.5) | 2 (5.6) | 3 (5.8) | 7 (17.5) | 0.1645 | |
| Paternal history of asthma | 10 (12.0) | 4 (11.1) | 5 (9.6) | 2 (5.0) | 0.6680 | |
| Eczema | 3 (3.6) | 0 (0.0) | 6 (11.5) | 0 (0.0) | 0.0169 | |
| Hay fever | 62 (74.7) | 10 (27.8) | 46 (88.5) | 8 (20.0) | <0.0001 | |
| Sum of sIgE | 88.50±95.65a,d,d | 12.98±0.06d,d | 170.31±215.69a,d,d | 13.01±0.14d,d | <0.0001 | |
| Eosinophil counts (cells·µL−1) | 182.6±96.4d,d | 660.9±418.7d,d | 607.4±285.4d,d | 161.6±94.2d,d | <0.0001 | |
| Neutrophil counts (cells·µL−1) | 4650.4±2294.8 | 5272.1±2609.5 | 4636.1±1705.3 | 5259.6±2874.9 | 0.2791 |
Data are presented as n, n (%) or mean±sd, unless otherwise stated. Eos: eosinophils; BMI: body mass index; sIgE: specific immunoglobulin E. p-values are based on Chi-squared and Kruskal–Wallis tests; the symbols indicate for which phenotypes the continuous variables significantly differ. a: p<0.05, b: p<0.01, c: p<0.001, d: p<0.0001 for contrasts (Wilcoxon test). Plain, underlined, bold and italic symbols indicate for which phenotypes the continuous variables significantly differ.