Table 3.

Effect of alcohol on latency to SWS.

Citation		Alcohol	Baseline or Placebo
Van Reen et al. 2006 [29]	7 women aged 23.5 yrs.	Alcohol = 11.3 min	Placebo = 14.3 min NS
Chan et al. 2013 [30]	24 female health subjects mean aged 19.1 years. Pre sleep ETOH with target of 0.01% BAC and placebo	Alcohol = 11.3 ± 2.09	Placebo = 11.4 ± 1.07 NS
Stone 1980 [31]	6 healthy male volunteers aged 20–31 years. Baseline vs. 3 alcohol doses	Alcohol 0.16 = 16.8 min 0.32 = 13.4 0.64 = 11.8	Placebo 16.6 min NS
Rundell [32]	10 subjects baseline and ETOH. With sleep latency at N2. to N3 BAC 50–90%	15.4 min	23.7 min
MacLean [33]	10 men aged 23.6 years baseline and 4 levels of BAC	Alcohol by Grams per Kg of Weight 0.25 = 31.3 ± 17.5 0.50 = 20.4 ± 15.2 0.75 = 25.8 ± 22.1 1.00 = 22.8 ± 13.7 all NS	Baseline = 32.5 min
Rouhani et al. 1989 [34]	14 healthy volunteers PSG during 90-min afternoon naps. Baseline vs. 0.25 g 95% ETOH/kg body weight	ETOH 39.97 ± 21.96 NS	Baseline 25.69 ± 10.37
Williams and MacLean [10]	11 women mean age 19.5 years. Baseline and 2 levels of BAC	BAC 0.50 = 10.6 ± 2.4 0.75 = 9.2 ± 3.0 NS	Baseline = 10.6 ± 2.
Arnedt et al. 2011 [28]	93 healthy subjects mean age 24.4 years. Placebo then alcohol with BRAC of 0.11 g%	Alcohol Men = 15.2 ± 11.0 Women = 14.7 ± 10.9 p < 0.01	Placebo Men = 23.15 ± 15.2 Women = 17.0±9.2
Alcohol Plus Sleep Deprivation
Lobo et al. 1997 [35] Alcohol and sleep deprivation	Sleep deprivation plus alcohol. 12 healthy mail subjects mean age of 27.3 years. Baseline followed by sleep deprivation then placebo or ethanol, Recovery. Randomized, cross over. Partial SD focused on REM sleep.	Latency to SWS Baseline = 18.6 ± 14.4 Sleep deprivation – Partial Sleep deprivation11.6 ± 4.8 Recovery 13.3 ± 18 Ethanol 12.9 ± 4.0 Recover23.4 ± 61.1 all NS	Latency to SWS Baseline = 15.0 ± 7.3 Sleep deprivation – Total 9.7 ± 7.3 p < 0.05 Recovery 18.5 ± 8.1 Ethanol 6.7 ± 3.4 P < 0.01 Recover 18.6  = 6.9