Fig. 3.

Human proteome of plasma-derived EVs from P. vivax-infected FRGhuHEPmice.A, heat map of estimated protein abundances (AEpS) showing hierarchical clustering of human EV protein cargo across the experimental groups of FRG huHEP mice. B–E, enhanced volcano plots showing comparisons of human EV protein cargo between various groups as indicated in statistical analysis of materials and methods. B, human EV proteins associated with P. vivax liver infection {upregulation [positive fold change (FC), downregulation (negative FC) upon infection]}. C, human EV proteins associated with P. vivax hypnozoites infection in the mosquito bite (left) and intravenous (right) infection mode [upregulation (positive FC), downregulation (negative FC) in MMV048-treated mice]. D, human EV proteins associated with tafenoquine treatment of P. vivax-infected mice. Upregulation (positive FC), downregulation (negative FC) in DMSO-treated mice. E, human EV proteins associated with infection mode. Upregulation (positive FC), downregulation (negative FC) in mosquito bite–infected mice. The plot was constructed using −log10 (p value) against the estimate (Log2 FC). Dotted horizontal line represents p value = 0.05. Proteins with an estimate ±2-fold and adjusted p value <0.05 are named and shown as red dots. In addition, upregulated and downregulated proteins with adjusted p value greater than 0.05 are represented by green dots. Supporting information of this figure can be found in supplemental Tables S6–S8. EVs, extracellular vesicles.