Table 1. Demographics and Clinical Characteristics of Vaccinated and Unvaccinated Individuals Aged 66 Years or Older (2019-2020 and 2020-2021 Cohorts).
| Variable | 2019-2020 Cohort: October 1, 2019, to March 31, 2020 | 2020-2021 Cohort: October 1, 2020, to March 31, 2021 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. (%) | Standardized differencea | No. (%) | Standardized differencea | |||
| Vaccinated (n = 1 229 487) | Unvaccinated (n = 1 050 318) | Vaccinated (n = 1 266 939) | Unvaccinated (n = 924 604) | |||
| Sex | ||||||
| Female | 665 832 (54.2) | 568 815 (54.2) | 0 | 688 502 (54.3) | 501 276 (54.2) | 0 |
| Male | 563 655 (45.8) | 481 503 (45.8) | 0 | 578 437 (45.7) | 423 328 (45.8) | 0 |
| Age group, y | ||||||
| 66-74 | 633 517 (51.5) | 623 387 (59.4) | 0.16 | 694 496 (54.8) | 540 830 (58.5) | 0.07 |
| 75-84 | 432 189 (35.2) | 305 609 (29.1) | 0.13 | 433 189 (34.2) | 274 341 (29.7) | 0.10 |
| ≥85 | 163 781 (13.3) | 121 322 (11.6) | 0.05 | 139 254 (11.0) | 109 433 (11.8) | 0.03 |
| Neighborhood income quintile | ||||||
| 1 (Lowest income) | 223 620 (18.2) | 219 070 (20.9) | 0.07 | 221 130 (17.5) | 199 505 (21.6) | 0.10 |
| 2 | 250 343 (20.4) | 221 901 (21.1) | 0.02 | 254 868 (20.1) | 197 757 (21.4) | 0.03 |
| 3 | 246 378 (20.0) | 210 851 (20.1) | 0 | 253 404 (20.0) | 186 753 (20.2) | 0 |
| 4 | 239 743 (19.5) | 195 594 (18.6) | 0.02 | 250 315 (19.8) | 170 038 (18.4) | 0.03 |
| 5 (Highest income) | 266 851 (21.7) | 199 578 (19.0) | 0.07 | 284 576 (22.5) | 167 719 (18.1) | 0.11 |
| Missing | 2552 (0.2) | 3324 (0.3) | 0.02 | 2646 (0.2) | 2832 (0.3) | 0.02 |
| PHU region | ||||||
| Central East | 346 163 (28.2) | 275 384 (26.2) | 0.04 | 362 447 (28.6) | 234 208 (25.3) | 0.07 |
| Central West | 53 271 (4.3) | 42 477 (4.0) | 0.01 | 54 502 (4.3) | 37 560 (4.1) | 0.01 |
| Durham | 95 495 (7.8) | 80 393 (7.7) | 0 | 100 710 (7.9) | 68 115 (7.4) | 0.02 |
| Eastern | 66 098 (5.4) | 84 108 (8.0) | 0.11 | 68 780 (5.4) | 74 999 (8.1) | 0.11 |
| North | 90 027 (7.3) | 58 794 (5.6) | 0.07 | 92 926 (7.3) | 50 323 (5.4) | 0.08 |
| Ottawa | 92 163 (7.5) | 96 507 (9.2) | 0.06 | 93 073 (7.3) | 89 429 (9.7) | 0.08 |
| Peel | 171 847 (14.0) | 126 704 (12.1) | 0.06 | 175 955 (13.9) | 110 191 (11.9) | 0.06 |
| Southwest | 219 123 (17.8) | 202 276 (19.3) | 0.04 | 220 054 (17.4) | 185 058 (20.0) | 0.07 |
| Toronto | 2196 (0.2) | 2956 (0.3) | 0.02 | 2294 (0.2) | 2494 (0.3) | 0.02 |
| York | 93 104 (7.6) | 80 719 (7.7) | 0 | 96 198 (7.6) | 72 227 (7.8) | 0.01 |
| Residence | ||||||
| Urban | 1 084 795 (88.2) | 901 711 (85.9) | 0.07 | 1 114 776 (88.0) | 794 993 (86.0) | 0.06 |
| Rural | 142 496 (11.6) | 145 651 (13.9) | 0.07 | 149 869 (11.8) | 127 117 (13.7) | 0.06 |
| Missing | 2196 (0.2) | 2956 (0.3) | 0.02 | 2294 (0.2) | 2494 (0.3) | 0.02 |
| Essential worker statusb | ||||||
| 1 (0%-32.5%) | 269 979 (22.0) | 200 431 (19.1) | 0.07 | 283 870 (22.4) | 170 879 (18.5) | 0.10 |
| 2 (32.6%-42.3%) | 273 956 (22.3) | 221 330 (21.1) | 0.03 | 284 504 (22.5) | 192 859 (20.9) | 0.04 |
| 3 (42.4%-49.9%) | 250 304 (20.4) | 215 580 (20.5) | 0 | 257 705 (20.3) | 189 593 (20.5) | 0 |
| 4 (50.0%-57.5%) | 232 920 (18.9) | 214 902 (20.5) | 0.04 | 237 696 (18.8) | 192 011 (20.8) | 0.05 |
| 5 (57.6%-114.3%) | 197 989 (16.1) | 192 688 (18.3) | 0.06 | 198 780 (15.7) | 174 566 (18.9) | 0.08 |
| Missing | 4339 (0.4) | 5387 (0.5) | 0.02 | 4384 (0.3) | 4696 (0.5) | 0.02 |
| Household density quintilec | ||||||
| 1 (0-2.1) | 298 518 (24.3) | 246 216 (23.4) | 0.02 | 304 491 (24.0) | 213 850 (23.1) | 0.02 |
| 2 (2.2-2.4) | 243 580 (19.8) | 210 691 (20.1) | 0.01 | 251 670 (19.9) | 184 122 (19.9) | 0 |
| 3 (2.5-2.6) | 182 953 (14.9) | 147 550 (14.0) | 0.02 | 190 050 (15.0) | 128 204 (13.9) | 0.03 |
| 4 (2.7-3.0) | 279 565 (22.7) | 229 591 (21.9) | 0.02 | 291 105 (23.0) | 200 035 (21.6) | 0.03 |
| 5 (3.1-5.7) | 219 956 (17.9) | 210 292 (20.0) | 0.05 | 224 742 (17.7) | 193 130 (20.9) | 0.08 |
| Missing | 4915 (0.4) | 5978 (0.6) | 0.02 | 4881 (0.4) | 5263 (0.6) | 0.03 |
| Limited educational attainment quintiled | ||||||
| 1 (0.0%-4.1%) | 269 123 (21.9) | 197 358 (18.8) | 0.08 | 283 166 (22.4) | 167 531 (18.1) | 0.11 |
| 2 (4.2%-7.5%) | 274 891 (22.4) | 216 859 (20.6) | 0.04 | 286 454 (22.6) | 187 317 (20.3) | 0.06 |
| 3 (7.6%-11.4%) | 255 503 (20.8) | 219 516 (20.9) | 0 | 263 721 (20.8) | 193 442 (20.9) | 0 |
| 4 (11.5%-17.1%) | 235 515 (19.2) | 218 542 (20.8) | 0.04 | 239 366 (18.9) | 195 751 (21.2) | 0.06 |
| 5 (17.2%-94.3%) | 190 136 (15.5) | 192 673 (18.3) | 0.08 | 189 866 (15.0) | 175 883 (19.0) | 0.11 |
| Missing | 4319 (0.4) | 5370 (0.5) | 0.02 | 4366 (0.3) | 4680 (0.5) | 0.02 |
| Uncoupled quintilee | ||||||
| 1 (11.2%-33.7%) | 280 219 (22.8) | 226 979 (21.6) | 0.03 | 296 594 (23.4) | 195 485 (21.1) | 0.05 |
| 2 (33.8%-38.4%) | 236 904 (19.3) | 195 955 (18.7) | 0.02 | 248 430 (19.6) | 170 884 (18.5) | 0.03 |
| 3 (38.5%-43.6%) | 231 705 (18.8) | 194 667 (18.5) | 0.01 | 238 743 (18.8) | 172 090 (18.6) | 0.01 |
| 4 (43.7%-51.0%) | 245 607 (20.0) | 210 111 (20.0) | 0 | 249 243 (19.7) | 187 147 (20.2) | 0.01 |
| 5 (51.1%-94.6%) | 230 137 (18.7) | 216 628 (20.6) | 0.05 | 229 048 (18.1) | 193 735 (21.0) | 0.07 |
| Missing | 4915 (0.4) | 5978 (0.6) | 0.02 | 4881 (0.4) | 5263 (0.6) | 0.03 |
| Self-identify as visible minority quintilef | ||||||
| 1 (0.0%-2.2%) | 230 428 (18.7) | 210 236 (20.0) | 0.03 | 240 341 (19.0) | 182 825 (19.8) | 0.02 |
| 2 (2.3%-7.5%) | 252 283 (20.5) | 198 865 (18.9) | 0.04 | 263 558 (20.8) | 169 271 (18.3) | 0.06 |
| 3 (7.6%-18.7%) | 252 250 (20.5) | 187 883 (17.9) | 0.07 | 262 980 (20.8) | 159 646 (17.3) | 0.09 |
| 4 (18.8%-43.5%) | 239 059 (19.4) | 202 565 (19.3) | 0 | 247 114 (19.5) | 177 290 (19.2) | 0.01 |
| 5 (43.6%-102%) | 251 186 (20.4) | 245 414 (23.4) | 0.07 | 248 607 (19.6) | 230 915 (25.0) | 0.13 |
| Missing | 4281 (0.3) | 5355 (0.5) | 0.02 | 4339 (0.3) | 4657 (0.5) | 0.02 |
| Immigrated last 5 yg | ||||||
| 1 (0.0%-2.1%) | 728 000 (59.2) | 595 892 (56.7) | 0.05 | 758 402 (59.9) | 513 353 (55.5) | 0.09 |
| 2 (2.2%-4.7%) | 235 930 (19.2) | 197 964 (18.8) | 0.01 | 242 573 (19.1) | 174 743 (18.9) | 0.01 |
| 3 (4.8%-41.2%) | 259 175 (21.1) | 246 609 (23.5) | 0.06 | 259 576 (20.5) | 227 629 (24.6) | 0.10 |
| Missing | 6382 (0.5) | 9853 (0.9) | 0.05 | 6388 (0.5) | 8879 (1.0) | 0.05 |
| Apartment building density categoryh | ||||||
| 1 (0%-7.3%) | 683 913 (55.6) | 573 008 (54.6) | 0.02 | 712 296 (56.2) | 503 119 (54.4) | 0.04 |
| 2 (7.4%-37.7%) | 230 767 (18.8) | 200 887 (19.1) | 0.01 | 237 025 (18.7) | 176 087 (19.0) | 0.01 |
| 3 (37.8%-104%) | 309 864 (25.2) | 270 418 (25.7) | 0.01 | 312 706 (24.7) | 240 112 (26.0) | 0.03 |
| Missing | 4943 (0.4) | 6005 (0.6) | 0.02 | 4912 (0.4) | 5286 (0.6) | 0.03 |
| Any comorbidity | 1 060 809 (86.3) | 829 824 (79.0) | 0.19 | 1 075 199 (84.9) | 730 708 (79.0) | 0.15 |
| Asthma | 187 001 (15.2) | 124 206 (11.8) | 0.10 | 187 713 (14.8) | 109 249 (11.8) | 0.09 |
| COPD | 266 369 (21.7) | 198 700 (18.9) | 0.07 | 261 434 (20.6) | 172 097 (18.6) | 0.05 |
| Congestive heart failure | 111 672 (9.1) | 86 895 (8.3) | 0.03 | 99 895 (7.9) | 73 153 (7.9) | 0 |
| Ischemic heart disease | 133 196 (10.8) | 101 499 (9.7) | 0.04 | 130 308 (10.3) | 87 585 (9.5) | 0.03 |
| Hypertension | 896 702 (72.9) | 672 184 (64.0) | 0.19 | 902 875 (71.3) | 592 990 (64.1) | 0.15 |
| Diabetes | 393 441 (32.0) | 297 430 (28.3) | 0.08 | 388 601 (30.7) | 266 886 (28.9) | 0.04 |
| HIV infected | 1156 (0.1) | 812 (0.1) | 0.01 | 1191 (0.1) | 686 (0.1) | 0.01 |
| Solid organ or stem cell transplant | 3607 (0.3) | 2175 (0.2) | 0.02 | 3464 (0.3) | 1796 (0.2) | 0.02 |
| Other immune system disorders | 20 917 (1.7) | 15 679 (1.5) | 0.02 | 21 402 (1.7) | 13 438 (1.5) | 0.02 |
| Immunosuppressive therapy | 75 949 (6.2) | 49 654 (4.7) | 0.06 | 74 130 (5.9) | 40 850 (4.4) | 0.06 |
| Active cancer | 37 367 (3.0) | 29 770 (2.8) | 0.01 | 35 229 (2.8) | 21 207 (2.3) | 0.03 |
| Autoimmune disorders | 42 097 (3.4) | 29 057 (2.8) | 0.04 | 42 461 (3.4) | 24 960 (2.7) | 0.04 |
| Rheumatoid arthritis | 36 495 (3.0) | 25 392 (2.4) | 0.03 | 36 651 (2.9) | 21 905 (2.4) | 0.03 |
| Inflammatory bowel disease | 5953 (0.5) | 3864 (0.4) | 0.02 | 6164 (0.5) | 3223 (0.3) | 0.02 |
| Chronic kidney disease or long-term dialysis (≥3 consecutive months) | 105 057 (8.5) | 80 039 (7.6) | 0.03 | 96 662 (7.6) | 69 131 (7.5) | 0.01 |
| Long-term dialysis | 2009 (0.2) | 4034 (0.4) | 0.04 | 1364 (0.1) | 3269 (0.4) | 0.05 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 105 055 (8.5) | 80 039 (7.6) | 0.03 | 96 660 (7.6) | 69 131 (7.5) | 0.01 |
| Advanced liver disease | 17 857 (1.5) | 14 580 (1.4) | 0.01 | 17 194 (1.4) | 12 087 (1.3) | 0 |
| Cirrhosis | 17 203 (1.4) | 13 847 (1.3) | 0.01 | 16 595 (1.3) | 11 592 (1.3) | 0 |
| Decompensated cirrhosis | 1841 (0.1) | 2043 (0.2) | 0.01 | 1623 (0.1) | 1435 (0.2) | 0.01 |
| Dementia | 61 850 (5.0) | 57 973 (5.5) | 0.02 | 49 613 (3.9) | 47 216 (5.1) | 0.06 |
| Frailty | 14 844 (1.2) | 19 423 (1.8) | 0.05 | 10 833 (0.9) | 13 573 (1.5) | 0.06 |
| History of stroke or transient ischemic attack | 57 319 (4.7) | 49 182 (4.7) | 0 | 53 609 (4.2) | 42 442 (4.6) | 0.02 |
| No. of acute-care hospital admissions in past 3 y | ||||||
| 0 | 934 171 (76.0) | 813 413 (77.4) | 0.03 | 982 717 (77.6) | 725 334 (78.4) | 0.02 |
| 1 | 195 901 (15.9) | 150 800 (14.4) | 0.04 | 194 135 (15.3) | 130 660 (14.1) | 0.03 |
| 2 | 60 841 (4.9) | 49 147 (4.7) | 0.01 | 57 453 (4.5) | 40 694 (4.4) | 0.01 |
| ≥3 | 38 574 (3.1) | 36 958 (3.5) | 0.02 | 32 634 (2.6) | 27 916 (3.0) | 0.03 |
| No. of physician office visits in past 1 y | ||||||
| 0 | 36 100 (2.9) | 130 268 (12.4) | 0.36 | 42 131 (3.3) | 119 829 (13.0) | 0.36 |
| 1 | 55 544 (4.5) | 83 907 (8.0) | 0.14 | 60 875 (4.8) | 74 702 (8.1) | 0.13 |
| 2-4 | 260 739 (21.2) | 261 223 (24.9) | 0.09 | 275 516 (21.7) | 232 225 (25.1) | 0.08 |
| 5-8 | 350 252 (28.5) | 256 466 (24.4) | 0.09 | 361 285 (28.5) | 226 637 (24.5) | 0.09 |
| 9-14 | 305 423 (24.8) | 189 985 (18.1) | 0.17 | 309 866 (24.5) | 165 153 (17.9) | 0.16 |
| ≥15 | 221 429 (18.0) | 128 469 (12.2) | 0.16 | 217 266 (17.1) | 106 058 (11.5) | 0.16 |
Abbreviations: COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; PHU, public health unit.
a
Standardized differences greater than 0.10 are considered clinically relevant.
b
Parenthetical ranges indicate the percentage of individuals in the area working in the following occupations: sales and service occupations; trades, transport and equipment operators, and related occupations; natural resources, agriculture, and related production occupations; and occupations in manufacturing and utilities. Census counts for people are randomly rounded up or down to the nearest number divisible by 5, which causes some minor imprecision.
c
Parenthetical ranges represent the range of persons per dwelling.
d
Parenthetical ranges represent percentage of adult individuals aged 25 to 64 years in the area who have not received any type of diploma.
e
Individuals who have never legally married and are not living with a person as a couple; separated (people who are married but who are no longer living with their spouse [for reasons other than, for example, illness, work, or school], have not obtained a divorce and are not living with a person as a couple); divorced (people who have obtained a legal divorce, have not remarried, and are not living with a person as a couple); and widowed (people who have lost their married spouse through death, have not remarried, and are not living with a person as a couple).
f
Quintile representing individuals in the area self-identifying as a visible minority.
g
Parenthetical ranges represent percentage of individuals in the area who are recent immigrants.
h
Census counts are randomly rounded up or down to the nearest number divisible by 5, which causes some minor imprecision: 7.3% represents the 60th percentile.