Table 6.
Univariate log-linear meta-regression analyses of WTPa-related factors for eHealth.
| Explanatory variable | Outcome variable (mean WTP) | ||||
|
|
β (SE, 95% CI) | P value | |||
| Gender (women; %) | −.76 (0.14, −1.03 to −0.49) | <.001 | |||
| Age (years) | .002 (0.003, −0.004 to 0.01) | .57 | |||
| Education (completed college; %) | .63 (0.18, 0.29 to 0.98) | <.001 | |||
| GDPb per capita (US $) | .03 (0.001, 0.025 to 0.027) | <.001 | |||
| Modality used to provide eHealth | |||||
|
|
Websites | —c | — | ||
|
|
Medical devices | .66 (0.08, 0.49 to 0.82) | <.001 | ||
|
|
Health apps | .25 (0.1, 0.06 to 0.44) | .01 | ||
|
|
Asynchronous communication (eg, SMS text messages and email) | −1.43 (0.09, −1.60 to −1.27) | <.001 | ||
|
|
Synchronous communication (eg, telephone and video call) | .58 (0.08, 0.42 to 0.74) | <.001 | ||
| WTP question format | |||||
|
|
Open-ended | — | — | ||
|
|
Single-bounded dichotomous choice | 2.13 (0.12, 1.90 to 2.36) | <.001 | ||
|
|
Double-bounded dichotomous choice | 2.20 (0.06, 2.09 to 2.31) | <.001 | ||
|
|
Payment scale | 1.11 (0.05, 1.01 to 1.21) | <.001 | ||
|
|
Not reported | 1.89 (0.05, 1.80 to 1.98) | <.001 | ||
| Ex post vs ex ante | −.37 (0.04, −0.45 to −0.28) | <.001 | |||
| Protest zero or all zero responses excluded vs all zeros included | .02 (0.02, −0.02 to 0.05) | .37 | |||
aWTP: willingness to pay.
bGDP: gross domestic product.
cNot available because it was the reference level.