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. 2022 Sep 15;13:1021634. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1021634

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Copyright © 2022 Zhao, Gong, Song, Shen and Cui

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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MDSCs and their immune regulatory effects on T cells. During the recovery phase of IBD, MDSCs exert their suppressive effects on T cells by secreting cytokines such as Arg-1, NO and ROS as well as exosomes expressing these cytokines. Meanwhile, MDSCs induce the increase of Treg cells via IL-10. Treg cells secret TGF-β to enhance the suppressive function of MDSCs in turn and specifically increase the number of M-MDSCs. The activation of signals in MDSCs such as STAT3, STAT6 and C/EBPβ plays a key role in its functioning. Besides, studies have revealed that the administration of resveratrol, quercetin, acetylcholine (ACh) and so on promotes the generation of MDSCs while the activation of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), mTOR, protein tyrosine phosphatase 1b (PTP1B) and so on inhibits MDSCs. This graph is drawn by Figdraw.