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. 2022 Sep 15;13:959541. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2022.959541

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Copyright © 2022 Harish, Choudhary, Bhupenchandra, Dass, Rajanna, Singh, Bana, Varatharajan, Verma, George, Kashinath, Bhavya, Chongtham, Devi, Kumar, Devi and Bhutia.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Effect of crop establishment and tillage management (CETM) (A) and P-fertilization practices (B) on NDVI, SPAD at flowering stage of maize and wheat under MWCS. The vertical bars represent LSD_0.05 values. M₁, flat bed–conventional tillage (FBCT) both in maize and wheat; M₂, raised bed–CT (RBCT) in maize and RB–zero tillage (RBZT) in wheat; M₃, FBZT both in maize and wheat; M₄, permanent raised bed–ZT (PRBZT) both in maize and wheat. S₁-P₁₀₀, 100% P as basal; S₂-P₅₀ + 2FSP, 50% P as basal (P₅₀) + 2 foliar sprays of phosphorus (2FSP) as DAP (2%) at knee-high stage (KHS) and pre-tasseling stage (PTS) in maize and at tillering stage (TS) and pre-flowering stage (PFS) in wheat; S₃-P₅₀ + PSB + AM-fungi (AMF); S₄-P₅₀ + PSB + AMF + 2 FSP at KHS and PTS in maize and at TS and PFS in wheat; S₅-P₀, 100% N and K with no-P (P₀) as control.