. 2022 May 11;7:32. Originally published 2022 Jan 31. [Version 3] doi: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.17601.3

Table 1. Exemplar studies reporting HBsAg prevalence in males and females.

Study setting	Number in study	Seroprevalence data	Citation
Blood donors, Crete	65,219	HBsAg 0.41% in males and 0.28% in females; OR for males 1.9 (95% CI, 1.2-3.2)	Koulentaki, M. et al. ²⁴
Migrants and refugees, Southern Italy	1,212	HBsAg seroprevalence 9.6% overall. OR for males 1.8 (95% CI, 1.3-2.5)	Coppola, N. et al. ²⁷
Adults age 35–44, general population, Taiwan	45,035	Seroprevalence 17.8% in males vs. 13.2% in females (p < 0.001); difference diminished in age >60. HBsAg male to female prevalence ratio 1.49	Tsay, P. K. et al. ²⁸
Meta-analysis of 27 studies, China	5,422,405	HBsAg prevalence of 5.8% in males (95% CI:5.53– 6.24%) and 5.05% in females (95% CI:4.56–5.88%)	Wang, H. et al. ²⁹
Meta-analysis of 20 studies in diverse groups, Pakistan	81,755	HBsAg prevalence for general population 2.71% (95% CI 1.74 to 4.21). Three times more prevalent in males than females (OR not formally presented).	Khan, N. U. et al. ³⁰
Comparison of pre-vaccine and post-vaccine studies in Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander People from 36 studies	501,622 ^*	Decrease in the pooled prevalence of HBsAg over time among women (from 4.2% to 2.2%) and men (from 17.5% to 3.5%). No OR reported.	Graham, S et al. ³¹

95% CI – 95% confidence interval. HBsAg – Hepatitis B virus surface antigen * Total number tested is not reported in this study, so denominator calculated from study meta-data, but we cannot exclude the possibility of some population groups being represented more than once.