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. 2022 Aug 2;25(4):338–346. doi: 10.4103/jcd.jcd_55_22

Table 1.

Characteristics of the included studies

First author Year Instrument type Type of alloy Sample size Type of motion Rotational speed (rpm) Size and taper NCF at room temperature NCF at body temperature
Arias 2019 EdgeSequel Sapphire Heat treated 40 Rotary 500 20/0.04 252.5 (212-300.7) 82.9 (71.1-96.8)
40 25/0.04 340.8 (289.1-401.8) 79.2 (69.4-90.3)
40 30/0.04 264.2 (226.4-308.2) 51.2 (44-59.7)
40 35/0.04 328.5 (306.7-352) 77.1 (67.7-87.9)
40 40/0.04 246.8 (224.8-270.9) 56.5 (49-65.3)
Vortex Blue Heat treated 40 Rotary 500 20.04 311.7 (270.7-359) 93.9 (88.3-99.9)
40 25/0.04 341.7 (311.7-374.7) 141.4 (130.9-152.7)
40 30/0.04 214.4 (200.9-228.7) 97.7 (86.5-110.3)
40 35/0.04 147.1 (133.2-162.5) 87.5 (81-94.5)
40 40/0.04 126.4 (110.2-144.9) 80.8 (73.5-88.8)
Arias 2018 HyFlex EDM Heat treated 40 Rotary 400 25/0.08 725.4 (658.8-798.8) 717.9 (636.8-809.3)
TRU shape Heat treated 40 Rotary 300 25/0.06 234.7 (209-263.6) 83.2 (76-91.1)
Cardoso 2019 ProDesign Logic Heat treated 24 Rotary 350 30/0.05 1265.34±296.40 799.58±349.54
XP-endo Shaper Heat treated 24 Rotary 800 30/0.01 4391.11±481.22 1264.44±171.58
iRaCe Conventional 24 Rotary 600 30/0.04 301.67±91.73 145.83±88.20
De Vasconcelos 2016 PTU Conventional 40 Rotary 300 25/0.08 199±41 134±39
HyFlex CM Heat treated 40 Rotary 500 25/0.06 2986±412 487±96
TRU Shape Heat treated 40 Rotary 300 25/0.06 v 1372±335 201±35
Vortex Blue Heat treated 40 Rotary 500 25/0.06 1816±1176 479±139
Generali 2020 Procodile Conventional 20 Reciprocating 300 25/0.06 186±62* 126±33*
Reziflow Conventional 20 Reciprocating 300 25/0.06 222±32* 174±37*
Huang 2017 K3 Conventional 24 Rotary 300 25/0.04 501.54±70.46 413.75±46.37
K3XF Heat treated 24 Rotary 500 25/0.04 914.58±215.30 603.47±112.45
Vortex Heat treated 24 Rotary 500 25/0.04 1356.94±126.87 1102.78±84.93
Ismail 2020 WaveOne Gold Heat treated 40 Reciprocating 350 25/0.07 850±130 833±138
TFA Heat treated 40 Adaptive 400 25/0.06 728±151 568±63
PTN X2 files Heat treated 40 Rotary 300 25/0.06 388±40 347±29
Keleş 2019 Reciproc Blue Heat treated 60 Reciprocating 300 25/0.08 214.4±108.4*
254.4±62.9*
253.2±77.2*
Reciproc Heat treated 60 Reciprocating 300 25/0.08 196.7±55.6*
292.4±81.3*		 224.5±50.6*
272.7±55.6*
WaveOne Gold Heat treated 60 Reciprocating 350 25/0.07 175.3±60.3*
258.9±47.9*		 150.4±31.9*
220.9±42.1*
WaveOne Heat treated 60 Reciprocating 350 25/0.08 106.2±36.6*
177.9±46.9*		 102±29.1*
107.3±13.1*
La Rosa 2021 F6 SkyTaper Conventional 60 Rotary 300 25/0.06 250±28*
235±33*		 159±31*
157±34*
One Curve Heat treated 60 Rotary 300 25/0.06 245±31*
271±34*		 186±30*
173±29*
La Rosa 2021 F6 SkyTaper Conventional 60 Rotary 300 25/0.06 195±30*
171±27*		 149±27*
90±31*
One Curve Heat treated 60 Rotary 300 25/0.06 175±28*
115±26*		 128±26*
105±28*
Plotino 2017 PTU S1 Conventional 30 Rotary 300 18/0.02 515±90.35 380±39.43
PTG S1 Heat treated 30 Rotary 300 18/0.02 674.17±86.41 629.17±87.25
PTU.F2 Conventional 30 Rotary 300 25/0.08 228.33±52.45 114.17±47.14
PTG F2 Heat treated 30 Rotary 300 25/0.08 504.17±94.41 457.5±101.97
Plotino 2018 Reciproc blue Heat treated 40 Reciprocating 300 25/0.08 v 395±20* 191±51*
Reciproc Heat treated 40 Reciprocating 300 25/0.08 v 150±14* 106±35*
Topocuoglo 2020 HyFlex CM Heat treated 40 Rotary 500 25/0.6 1612.1±357.6
1472.3±275.5		 1125.3±304.2
1035.2±289.4
One Curve Heat treated 40 Rotary 300 25/0.6 1552.6±361.2
1404±301.4		 1373.2±389.6
1256.4±311.7
ProTaper Next X2 Heat treated 40 Rotary 300 25/0.6 876.5±268.1
713.2±141.4		 586±184.2
504.3±163.3
Edge file Heat treated 40 Rotary 400 25/0.6 1753.3±402.5
1466.1±388.3
1315.3±359.2
Vieira 2020 Reciproc blue Heat treated 24 Reciprocating 300 40/0.06 18.06±3.93* 6.73±1.29*
Vieira 2021 Vortex blue Heat treated 24 Rotary 500 40/0.04 1.899±629.73 1.033±190.07
Reciproc blue Heat treated 24 Reciprocating 300 40/0.06 5.419±1179.85 2.019±388.49
X1 Blue Heat treated 24 Reciprocating 300 40/0.06 2.974±449.12 1.082±374.19
Dosanjh 2017 ESX Files Conventional 60 Rotary 500 25/0.04 466 271
EdgeFileϯ Heat treated 60 Rotary 500 25/0.04 7243 1675
Vortex Blueϯ Heat treated 60 Rotary 500 25/0.04 2062 1233
Alwafazϯ 2018 PTG F2 Heat treated 30 Rotary 300 25/0.08 1239.1±388.2 962.9±276.0
GundogarϮ 2019 Reciproc Blue Heat treated 30 Reciprocating 300 25/0.08 7914±1266 1349±161
HyFlex EDM Heat treated 30 Rotary 500 25/0.08 9847±1378 1812±198
WaveOne Gold Heat treated 30 Reciprocating 350 25/0.07 4626±565 1206±148
TFA Heat treated 30 Adaptive 400 25/0.08 3067±429 1139±136
KlymusϮ 2019 Reciproc Blue Heat treated 20 Reciprocating 300 25/0.08 3473±278.9 1521±109.4
X1 Blue Heat treated 20 Reciprocating 350 25/0.06 3726±322.0 1647±192.1
WaveOne Gold Heat treated 20 Reciprocating 350 25/0.07 1919±265.6 1532.7±182.4
SaeedϮ 2019 HyFlex EDM Heat treated 20 Rotary 500 25/0.08 4685.34±726.39 3971.25±1012.52
PTG F2 Heat treated 20 Rotary 300 25/0.08 1959.4±66.08 1027.29±49.78
2Shape TS 2 Heat treated 20 Rotary 300 25/0.06 416.87±23.55 198.80±25.45
Staffoli 2019 OneShape Conventional 40 Rotary 300 25/0.06 462±60.3 297.8±58.8
OneShape new generation Conventional 40 Rotary 300 25/0.06 473.8±83.4 295±46.5
One CurveϮ Heat treated 40 Rotary 300 25/0.06 1513.1±154.6 657.2±104.1
First autdor Immersion medium Testing model Radius of curvature of tde canal Angle of curvature of tde canal Distance of center of curvature from instrument tip Material of tde artificial canal Insertion angle Insertion deptd (mm) Inner diameter of canal (mm)
Arias Deionized water Static 3 60 4.5 Stainless steel - - -
Arias Water Static 3 60 5 Stainless steel - - -
Cardoso Water Static 5 90 5 Stainless steel - - 1.5
De Vasconcelos Water Static 3 60 4.5 Stainless steel - 19 -
Generali Water Static 5 60 5 Stainless steel 0 16 -
Huang Water Static 5 60 - Zirconium oxide-ceramic - 19 -
Ismail Water Static 2 60 - Stainless steel - 19 1.5
Keleş Water Static
Dynamic
Static
Dynamic
Static
Dynamic
Static
Dynamic		 5 60 5 Stainless steel - - 1.5
La Rosa Water Static 5 60 - Stainless steel 0
20
0
20		 - -
La Rosa Water Static 5 60 - Stainless steel 0
3
5
3		 - -
Plotino 5% Naocl Static 5 60 - Stainless steel - - -
Plotino Water Static 5 60 6 Stainless steel - - -
Topocuoglo Water Dynamic 5 60 8 - - 18 -
2 70 2
5 60 8
2 70 2
5 60 8
2 70 2
5 60 8
2 70 2
Vieira Water Dynamic 5 60 - Stainless steel - 17 -
Vieira Water Static 5 60 5 Stainless steel - - 1.5
Dosanjh Water Static 5 60 - Stainless steel - - 1.5
AlwafazϮ Water Static 5 60 5 Stainless steel - 19 -
GundogarϮ Water Static 5 60 5 Stainless steel - - 1.5
KlymusϮ Water Static 5 60 5 Stainless steel - - -
SaeedϮ Water Static 5 60 - Stainless steel - 19 1.5
Staffoli Water Static 5 60 5 Stainless steel - 16 -

*TTF,Ϯ Included in meta-analysis. PTU: ProTaper Universal, PTG: ProTaper Gold, PTN: ProTaper next, TFA: Twisted File Adaptive, NCF: Number of cycles to fracture