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. 2022 Sep 15;12:971288. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2022.971288

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Copyright © 2022 Thakur, Qiu, Fu, Bi, Zhang, Ji and Chen

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Overview of Key Epigenetic Events in Breast Cancer. Mechanisms for epigenetic alterations in breast cancer are shown focusing on two major players that include the methylation of DNA and the modification of histone proteins. Hypomethylation of oncogenes and hypermethylation of tumor suppressor genes is an important epigenetic phenomenon in breast cancer that affects various cellular processes of proliferation, apoptosis, migration, invasion, drug resistance, etc. Post translation modifications made to histone proteins impact gene expression by altering the chromatin structure towards open or closed conformation. Histone methylation of lysine is implicated in both transcriptional activation and repression depending on the methylation site that constitutes the various histone marks/code.