Table 5.

Literature related to coinfection between RA, SAB, and COVID-19.

Reference	Disease	Coinfection	Conclusion
Dieperink et al., 2022 (31)	RA	S. aureus	RA is a high risk for SAB, and orthopedic implants increase the risk.
Joost et al., 2017 (47)	RA	S. aureus	Patients with RA exhibit a complex course of SAB and high mortality, and RA causes a significantly increased risk of leading to OAI.
Garcia-Vidal et al., 2021 (81)	COVID-19	S. aureus	Coinfection at COVID-19 diagnosis was mainly S. aureus.
Hughes et al., 2020 (82)	COVID-19	S. aureus	The most common co-infecting pathogen in early COVID-19 patients is S. aureus.
Conway et al., 2022 (236)	RA	SARS-CoV-2	Patients with RA have higher rates of SARS-CoV-2 infection and higher mortality.
Akiyama et al., 2021 (237)	RA	SARS-CoV-2	Patients with RA are at increased risk of contracting COVID-19.