Table 5.
Immune response in myocarditis patients after COVID-19 immunization vs. age-, sex- and COVID-19 immunization-matched controls.
|
Myocarditis patients after COVID-19 vaccination (n = 12) |
Age- sex- and immunization-matched controls (n = 23) | P | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 22 ± 7 | 22 ± 6 | 0.924 |
| Sex, male % | 12 (100) | 23 (100) | NA |
| Time from the first dose of vaccine to test, days | 109 ± 57 | 108 ± 58 | 0.983 |
| Time form the second dose of vaccine to test, days | 86 ± 60 | 81 ± 55 | 0.907 |
| COVID-19 vaccine | |||
| - mRNA vaccine n (%) | 8 (67%) | 18 (78%) | 0.814 |
| - vector vaccine n (%) | 4 (33%) | 5 (22%) | |
| Test after the second dose of COVID-19 vaccine, yes (n %) | 10 (83%) | 18 (86%) | 0.432 |
| Previous SARS-CoV-2 infection, yes n (%) | 3 (25%) | 21 (91%) | <0.001 |
| Time from previous SARS-CoV-2 infection, days | 224 ± 66 | 284 ± 73 | 0.206 |
| Anti-SARS-CoV-2 NCP-IgG (Ratio*) Cutoff: > 1.1 | 0.24 [0.13, 0.49] | 0.32 [0.21, 1.23] | 0.198 |
| Anti-SARS-CoV-2 NCP-IgM (Ratio*) Cutoff: > 1.1 | 0.31 [0.24, 0.48] | 0.33 [0.18, 0.66] | 0.715 |
| S1 Ig (U/ml) Cutoff: ≥ 0.8 U/ml | 10265.5 [2,232, 38327.5] | 9,167 [3948.5, 20,050] | 0.881 |
| SP1 IgG (RU/ml) Cutoff: ≥ 11 RU/ml | 1155.5 [284, 1,656] | 627 [283, 1537.5] | 0.505 |
| SP1 IgA (Ratio*) Cutoff: ≥ 1.1 | 11 [7, 11] | 7 [6.5, 10] | 0.095 |
| Ag1 – S1 CD4+ (IU/ml) Cutoff: ≥ 0.15 | 1.3 [0.5, 4.5] | 0.5 [0.2, 1.0] | 0.002 |
| Ag2 – S1 CD4+ CD8+ (IU/ml) Cutoff: ≥ 0.15 | 2.0 [1.0, 4.7] | 0.6 [0.2, 1.2] | 0.008 |
| Ag3 – S1 CD4+ CD8+, whole genome CD8+ (IU/ml) Cutoff: ≥ 0.15 | 2.4 [1.0, 6.8] | 0.8 [0.6, 1.5] | <0.001 |
Immune response to myocarditis after COVID-19 vaccination vs. age-, sex- and COVID-19 immunization-matched controls. Continuous variables showing a normal distribution are presented as the mean and standard deviations (± SD), and those showing a non-normal distribution are reported as medians and interquartile ranges [IQRs]. Comparisons between participant groups were conducted using independent samples t tests and Mann–Whitney U tests as appropriate.
Ratio, extinction of the sample/extinction of calibrator; Ag, Antigen; CD, Cluster of differentiation; NA, Not applicable; NCP, Nucleocapsid protein; SARS-CoV-2, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; SP1, Spike protein 1.