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. 2022 Sep 15;13:989417. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2022.989417

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Copyright © 2022 Pant, Miranda-Hernandez, Rush, Warner and Eisen.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Inhibition of planktonic (A,B,C) and biofilm (D,E,F) growth by combined savirin and antibiotics (cefazolin, rifampicin, and vancomycin) sub-inhibitory concentrations compared with savirin and antibiotics alone (*** = p < 0.001, ** = p < 0.01, * = p < 0.05). Savirin concentration used in this experiment was sub-inhibitory. Savirin in combination with antibiotics showed enhanced antibacterial and antibiofilm activity against S. aureus compared with savirin alone. Experiments were performed in triplicates (N = 3) and data are presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD) with error bars indicating SD.