FIGURE 5.

OSCC cells treated with CIDD-99 suffer ER stress and mitochondrial disfunction. (A) Cal-27 cells were treated with CIDD-99 at various concentrations as labeled for 24 h, lysed, and analyzed for ER stress markers. Quantification (n = 3) of Bip is shown as bar graph and * indicates significantly different (using one-way ANOVA) from control untreated cells p < 0.05. (B) Representative confocal images of Cal-27 cells showing expression of Beclin-1 in control and CIDD-99 treated cells, actin was used as control. Bar graph shows quantification and * indicates significance (p < 0.01 using one-way ANOVA) when compared with control. (C) Confocal images showing CHOP expression in control and SKF-96365 treated Cal-27 cells, bar graph represents quantification, * indicates significance (p < 0.01 using one-way ANOVA) when compared with control untreated. (D) Mito-tracker red staining shows mitochondrial morphological changes when treated with CIDD-99 for 2 h compared to the vehicle control. Mitochondrial activity was analyzed using Mitocheck assay showing the effect of CIDD-99 on complex II and complex V (E) in bovine cardiac mitochondria. Bar graph shows quantification and ** indicates significance (p < 0.01 using one-way ANOVA) when compared with control.