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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Aug 1.
Published in final edited form as: Curr Protoc. 2022 Aug;2(8):e517. doi: 10.1002/cpz1.517

Table 1.

Refractive Indices of Commonly Encountered Materials

Material Refractive index
Water 1.33
Air 1.0003
Glass 1.517
Coverglass 1.523
Immersion oil 1.516
Cell cytosol 1.38
Mount Variablea
a

Mounting media for fluorescence microscopy can vary substantially. To the author's knowledge, none of the standard commercially available mounts are suitable for fixed-sample TIRFM.