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Three roles of minerals in supporting the colonizing microbial community: (1) minerals can offer protection to microbes, including (a) physical and (b) chemical protection; (2) minerals provide nutrients to support microbial growth and metabolism including (c) bio-essential elements and (d) trace metals; (3) minerals provide energy to support microbial growth by serving as (e) electron acceptors/donors and (f) electrical conductors to facilitate extracellular electron transfer (EET).
