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. 2022 Jul 4;9(10):nwac128. doi: 10.1093/nsr/nwac128

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© The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of China Science Publishing & Media Ltd.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Figure 5. — Environmental remediation of heavy metals and organic contaminants via microbe–mineral interactions. Toxic metals can be stabilized via injection of mineral–microbe suspensions to contaminant sites to result in either (a) precipitation/incorporation into biominerals or (b) formation of mineral-encased reduced metals through redox reactions. Organic pollutants can be degraded via (c) anaerobic oxidation coupled with Fe(III) reduction or anaerobic reduction coupled with Fe(II) oxidation, or (d) oxidative degradation by ROS (such as hydroxyl radicals ·OH) produced from air oxidation of structural Fe(II) in minerals. M in (a) refers to metals. Reddish-brown symbols refer to oxidized Fe(III)-bearing minerals, and green symbols refer to reduced Fe(II)-bearing minerals. Organic compounds are schematic and do not specifically refer to certain compounds.