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. 2022 Sep 29;2(10):157. doi: 10.1007/s43546-022-00329-9

Table 21.

Summary of performance ranking of the models for monthly return series

Loss function MAE MAPE RMSE QLIKE MSE TOTAL
Performance/models Best Worst Best Worst Best Worst Best Worst Best Worst Best Worst
Recursive GARCH 2 0 3 2 3 0 4 0 3 0 15 2
Rolling window GARCH 4 1 4 3 2 0 5 0 2 0 17 4
Recursive EGARCH 2 3 2 3 3 0 1 3 4 0 12 9
Rolling window EGARCH 2 1 3 2 3 2 2 1 3 1 13 7
Recursive TGARCH 0 2 1 2 0 3 0 3 0 3 1 13
Rolling window TGARCH 1 0 0 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 6 6
Recursive GARCH-M 5 0 1 3 2 0 5 2 1 0 14 5
Rolling window GARCH-M 1 6 1 1 1 3 0 5 1 3 4 18
Recursive PGARCH 1 5 3 0 2 7 0 2 2 7 8 21
Rolling window PGARCH 2 2 2 2 2 4 2 3 2 4 10 15

The “Best” and the “Worst” columns in Tables 19, 20 and 21 indicate the number of times that the selected model is ranked as the best or the worst based on the corresponding loss function. The “TOTAL” column summarizes the total number of times a forecasting model is ranked as the best (worst)