ResD∼P plus the RNAP core enzyme with ςA is sufficient for in vitro expression from the upstream ctaA (Pv) but not for expression of the downstream (Ps) promoter. (A) Lane 1, core RNAP plus ςA; lane 2; core RNAP plus ςA and ResD; lane 3, core RNAP plus ςA and ResD∼P; lane 4, core RNAP alone; lane 5, ςA alone; lane 6, T4 stage RNAP plus ResD∼P. (B) Lane 1, no RNAP; lane 2, T0 sigE mutant RNAP; lane 3, T0 sigE mutant RNAP plus ResD; lane 4, T0 sigE mutant RNAP plus ResD∼P; lane 5, T4 sigE mutant RNAP; lane 6, T4 sigE mutant RNAP plus ResD; lane 7, T4 sigE mutant RNAP plus ResD∼P; lane 8, T4 sigE mutant RNAP plus ResD∼P and ςA; lane 9, T4-stage RNAP plus ResD∼P. The DNA template, reaction mixture, and sample analysis were as described for Fig. 4. WT, wild type; −, absent; +, present; M, 100-nt RNA marker. ResD was added at 100 pMol. ResE was added at 100 pMol.