Fig. 5.

The representative 3D spheroid models of PC-3 (A) and DU145 (B) cells were treated by VA and NC, respectively. The cross-section area inhibition rates eventually climbed to 46.77 ± 19.62% and 48.07 ± 19.72% at 96 h for PC-3 and DU145 cells, respectively (C). The CASP3 SA (caspase-3 specific activity) has shown that VA evaluated the caspase-3 activity in both PC-3 and DU145 cells cultured in either 2D or 3D system, compared to respective NC (P < 0.05) (D). Relative expression of E2F1 and E2F3 in VA group was significantly lower that of NC, respectively (P < 0.001) (E, F), NC negative control