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. 2022 Sep 29;39(12):213. doi: 10.1007/s12032-022-01814-9

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 6 — Effects of VA on PC-3 cell in vivo. Treatment of single VA, single CDDP, and VA + CDDP significantly reduced the tumor weight of prostate cancer-bearing mice (A). Tumor inhibition rate (TIR) VA + CDDP group was significantly higher than that in VA and CDDP group (P < 0.05), respectively B VA induced the cell apoptosis and arrested the cell cycle of PC-3 cells. Flow cytometry analysis found that either VA or CDDP can significantly increase the apoptosis rate compared to NC group (P < 0.05), respectively (C, E). Treatments significantly increased the proportion of G0/G1 phase cells and significantly decreased the proportion of S phase and G2/M cells (D, F)