Table 2.
Characteristics of included studies
| References | Study type | Participants (N), sex (M/F) | Mean age in years (range) | Number of patients aged over 80 (M/F) | Fracture type (N) | Treatments (N) | Follow-up time |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Meijer et al. [21] | Single-center retrospective cohort study | 15 (5/10) | 82 (61–96) | At least 9 (2/7) |
Transarticular Steinmann pin/External fixation Weber type B (8/3) Weber type C (1/3) Bimalleolar/Tri- (4/5) |
Steinmann pin (9) External fixation (6) |
No specific information about the follow-up time |
| Schray et al. [20] | Single-center retrospective observational cohort study | 58 | Mean age 77.7 (SD 6.2 years) | Could not be determined from the article | Most frequent fracture type (AO type) 44 B (72%) |
External fixation converted to ORIF External fixation as final treatment Open reduction and internal fixation |
Mean of 16 +/- 8.5 months |
| Lorente et al. [22] | A multicenter prospective cohort study | 70 (31/39) | The mean age was 83 ± 3 years | 70 (31/39) | Bimalleolar non-displaced fractures |
Closed cast: Immobilized patients (control group)(37) Weight-bearing activities (experimental group)(33) |
2 years |
| Shivarathre et al. [19] | Single-center retrospective case series | 92 (12/80) | 85.2 (80.1–95.1) | 92 (12/80) |
Danis-Weber: Type B (77) Type C (14) Isolated lateral malleolus (4) Isolated medial malleolus (1) Bimalleolar (70) Trimalleolar (16) |
Lateral malleolus 1/3 Tubular plates (83) DCP (4) Locking plates (4) Medial malleolus Two screws (45) One screw (5) Tension band wiring (25) Posterior malleolus Anterior–posterior screw fixation (4) |
Average of 15 months (range, 9 to 28) |
| O'Daly et al. [23] | Single-center retrospective case series | 9 (1/8) | 80.1 (60–101) | 6 (1/5) |
Bimalleolar fractures (5) Trimalleolar fracture (3) Fracture dislocation of the ankle (1) |
Gallagher nail fixation | Mean of 34 months |
| Armstrong et al. [24] | Single-center retrospective case series | 21 ankle in 20 participants (3/17) | 76 (48–98) | 7 | Gustilo–Anderson grade 3B open ankle fracture |
Tibiotalocalcaneal nail fixation (total/our population) T2 ankle arthrodesis nail (10/1) Versanail (9/5) Titanium cannulated hindfoot arthrodesis nail (2/1) |
The duration of follow-up is short-term. No specific number is stated |