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. 2022 Jul 3;57(10):798–811. doi: 10.1007/s00535-022-01898-0

Table 2.

Comparison of the pathological characteristics in the entire cohort

All
(n = 128)
Normal
(n = 46)
Low
(n = 24)
Intermediate
(n = 34)
High
(n = 24)
p value
Tumor size, mm 30 (7–150) 28 (7–130) 30 (11–150) 34 (15–60) 39 (25–70) 0.019
UICC 8th edition
T category, n 0.100
 T1 16 (12.5) 8 (17.4) 2 (8.3) 6 (17.6) 0
 T2 79 (61.7) 29 (63.0) 15 (62.5) 22 (64.7) 13 (54.2)
 T3 33 (25.8) 9 (19.6) 7 (29.2) 6 (17.6) 11 (45.8)
 T4 0 0 0 0 0
N category, n 0.245
 N0 49 (38.3) 21 (45.7) 13 (54.2) 9 (26.5) 6 (25.0)
 N1 49 (38.3) 16 (34.8) 6 (25.0) 15 (44.1) 12 (50.0)
 N2 30 (23.4) 9 (19.6) 5 (20.8) 10 (29.4) 6 (25.0)
M category, n 0.824
 M0 117 (91.4) 41 (89.1) 22 (91.7) 31 (91.2) 23 (95.8)
 M1a 11 (8.6) 5 (10.9) 2 (8.3) 3 (8.8) 1 (4.2)
UICC stage, n 0.371
 IA 12 (9.4) 8 (17.4) 2 (8.3) 2 (5.9) 0
 IB 24 (18.8) 8 (17.4) 7 (29.2) 6 (17.6) 3 (12.5)
 IIA 12 (9.4) 4 (8.7) 4 (16.7) 1 (2.9) 3 (12.5)
 IIB 45 (35.2) 14 (30.4) 5 (20.8) 14 (41.2) 12 (50.0)
 III 24 (18.8) 7 (15.2) 4 (16.7) 8 (23.5) 5 (20.8)
 IV 11 (8.6) 5 (10.9) 2 (8.3) 3 (8.8) 1 (4.2)
R0 resection, n 114 (89.1) 37 (80.4) 24 (100.0) 32 (94.1) 21 (87.5) 0.060
Local invasion factor
 Bile duct invasion 60 (46.9) 22 (47.8) 10 (41.7) 16 (47.1) 12 (50.0) 0.946
 Duodenal invasion 56 (43.8) 16 (34.8) 8 (33.3) 15 (44.1) 17 (70.8) 0.021
 Serosal side of the anterior pancreatic tissue invasion 28 (21.9) 10 (21.7) 4 (16.7) 9 (26.5) 5 (20.8) 0.845
 Retropancreatic tissue invasion 103 (80.5) 35 (76.1) 18 (75.0) 29 (85.3) 21 (87.5) 0.517
 Portal venous system invasion 28 (21.9) 9 (19.6) 5 (20.8) 10 (29.4) 4 (16.7) 0.644
 Arterial system invasion 20 (15.6) 7 (15.2) 4 (16.7) 6 (17.6) 3 (12.5) 0.958
 Extrapancreatic nerve plexus invasion 28 (21.9) 9 (19.6) 6 (25.0) 8 (23.5) 5 (20.8) 0.950
 Invasion of other organs 6 (4.7) 2 (4.3) 1 (4.2) 1 (3.0) 2 (8.3) 0.817
Assessment of TME
 Lymphatic invasion 0.087
  No evidence of invasion 5 (3.9) 4 (8.7) 1 (4.2) 0 0
  Slight invasion 24 (18.8) 12 (26.1) 5 (20.8) 5 (14.7) 2 (8.3)
  Moderate invasion 59 (46.1) 13 (28.3) 12 (50.0) 21 (61.8) 13 (54.2)
  Marked invasion 40 (31.3) 17 (37.0) 6 (25.0) 8 (23.5) 9 (37.5)
 Venous invasion 0.193
  No evidence of invasion 7 (5.5) 4 (8.7) 2 (8.3) 1 (2.9) 0
  Slight invasion 33 (25.8) 16 (34.8) 5 (20.8) 8 (23.5) 4 (16.7)
  Moderate invasion 58 (45.3) 19 (41.3) 14 (58.3) 14 (41.2) 11 (45.8)
  Marked invasion 30 (23.4) 7 (15.2) 3 (12.5) 11 (32.4) 9 (37.5)
 Nerve invasion 0.171
  No evidence of invasion 5 (3.9) 4 (8.7) 1 (4.2) 0 0
  Slight invasion 15 (11.7) 6 (13.0) 5 (20.8) 3 (8.8) 1 (4.2)
  Moderate invasion 34 (26.6) 13 (28.3) 5 (20.8) 12 (35.3) 4 (16.7)
  Marked invasion 74 (57.8) 23 (50.0) 13 (54.2) 19 (55.9) 19 (79.2)
 Cancer–stroma relationship 0.511
  Medullary type 4 (3.1) 1 (2.2) 2 (8.3) 1 (3.0) 0
  Intermediate type 74 (58.3) 30 (65.2) 12 (50.0) 20 (60.6) 12 (50.0)
  Scirrhous type 49 (38.6) 15 (32.6) 10 (41.7) 12 (36.4) 12 (50.0)

TME tumor microenvironment, UICC Union for International Cancer Control

aAll the patients were diagnosed with M1 due to positive lymph nodes other than the regional lymph nodes