Table 4.
Key players in type 1 autoimmune pancreatitis (include IgG4-related disease)
| Factors | Items | Increase and decrease | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| T cells | nTregs | ↓ | [83] |
| eTregs | ↑ | [83] | |
| Tfh (Tfh2) | ↑ | [90–93] | |
| CD4/CD8 CTLs | ↑ | [94] | |
| B cells | CD19 + CD27 + CD20-CD38 hi plasmablasts | ↑ | [95] |
| CD19 + CD24 + CD38 high Bregs | ↑ | [97] | |
| CD19 + CD24 high CD27 + Bregs | ↓ | [97] | |
| Innate immune cells | basophil | Present | [110] |
| TLR-7-positive M2-macrophages | ↑ | [112] | |
| Neutrophil | Present | [31, 114] | |
| Cytokines | Th2 cytokines | [76–79] | |
| BAFF | [108, 109] | ||
| IL-13 | [109] | ||
| IL-35 | [86] | ||
| Recent candidate of autoantigen | Prohibitin | [99] | |
| Annexin A11 | [100] | ||
| Laminin 511-E8 | [101] | ||
| Galectin-3 | [102] | ||
| IL-1 receptor antagonist | [103] | ||
| Gentic | HLA-DRB1 | [75] | |
| FCGR2B | [75] | ||
| HLA-DRB1*0405-DQB1*0401 | [68] | ||
| FCRL3 | [69] | ||
| CTLA4 | [70, 71] | ||
| Mst1 (eTregs) | [87, 88] |
nTregs naïve regulatory T cells, eTregs effector regulatory T cells, Tfh follicular helper T cells. Bregs regulatory B cells, TLR toll-like receptor, FCRL3 Fc receptor-like 3, CTLA4 cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4