Table 1.
Overview of the studies included in this review
| CAS step | Year | CT imaging modality | Anatomy | Neural network architecture | Authors |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CT image reconstruction | 2005 | Fan-beam | Abdomen | Radial basis-function NN | Hu 10 |
| 2006 | Parallel-beam | Shepp-Logan phantom | Radial basis-function NN | Guo 11 | |
| 2008 | Parallel-beam | Shepp-Logan phantom | RNN | Cierniak 12 | |
| 2008 | Parallel-beam | Shepp-Logan phantom | RNN | Cierniak 13 | |
| 2009 | Fan-beam | Shepp-Logan phantom | RNN | Cierniak 14 | |
| 2010 | Parallel-beam | Shepp-Logan phantom | RNN | Cierniak 15 | |
| 2010 | Parallel-beam | Shepp-Logan phantom | RNN | Cierniak 16 | |
| 2011 | Parallel-beam; Fan-beam |
Shepp-Logan phantom | RNN | Cierniak 17 | |
| 2012 | Parallel-beam | Shepp-Logan phantom | RNN | Cierniak and Lorent 18 | |
| 2016 | Parallel-beam, Fan-beam | Chest | CNN | Würfl et al. 19 | |
| 2017 | Fan-beam | Shepp-Logan phantom, anthropomorphic phantom head | CNN | Adler and Öktem 20 | |
| 2018 | Parallel-beam, Fan-beam |
Ellipse phantom, Shepp-Logan phantom, Human phantoms |
CNN | Adler and Öktem 21 | |
| 2018 | Multidetector row | Abdomen | CNN | Chen et al. 22 | |
| 2018 | Multidetector row | Abdomen, Chest, Rat brain |
CNN | Gupta et al. 23 | |
| 2018 | Multidetector row | Abdomen | CNN | Han et al. 24 | |
| 2018 | Fan-beam | Chest | CNN | Liang et al. 25 | |
| 2018 | Cone-beam | Abdomen | CNN | Würfl et al. 26 | |
| 2019 | Fan-beam | Skull | CNN | Dong et al. 27 | |
| 2019 | Parallel-beam | Chest | CNN | Fu and de Man 28 | |
| 2019 | Multidetector row | Torso | CNN | He et al. 29 | |
| 2019 | Multidetector row | Chest | CNN | Lee et al. 30 | |
| 2019 | Fan-beam | Skull | GAN | Li et al. 31 | |
| 2019 | Multidetector row | Chest | CNN | Shen et al. 32 | |
| 2019 | Fan-beam | Abdomen | CNN | Wu et al. 33 | |
| 2019 | – | Shepp-Logan phantom | CNN | Zhang and Zuo 34 | |
| 2019 | Cone-beam | Chest | CNN | Zhang et al. 35 | |
| 2020 | Fan-beam | Prostate | CNN | Chen et al. 36 | |
| 2020 | Translational CT | Chest | CNN | Wang et al. 37 | |
| 2020 | Parallel-beam | Chest | CNN | Baguer et al. 38 | |
| 2020 | Parallel-beam | Chest | CNN | Ma et al. 39 | |
| 2020 | Fan-beam; Cone-beam |
Chest | CNN | Wang et al. 40 | |
| 2020 | Cone-beam | Breast | GAN | Xie et al. 41 | |
| Bone segmentation | 2002 | Multidetector row | Chest, Skull | MLP | Zhang and Valentino 42 |
| 2008 | Multidetector row | Phalanx | MLP | Gassman et al. 43 | |
| 2013 | - | Jaw, mouth, nose, eye, brain | MLP | Kuo et al. 44 | |
| 2017 | Multidetector row | Femur | CNN | Chen et al. 45 | |
| 2017 | – | Mandible, Spinal cord | CNN | Ibragimov and Xing 46 | |
| 2017 | Multidetector row | Femural head, bladder, intestine, colon | CNN | Males et al. 47 | |
| 2018 | Multidetector row | Whole body | CNN | Klein et al. 48 | |
| 2018 | Multidetector row | Vertebrae | CNN | Lessman et al. 49 | |
| 2018 | Multidetector row | Skull | CNN | Minnema et al. 50 | |
| 2018 | – | Vertebrae | Deep-belief network | Qadri et al. 51 | |
| 2018 | Multidetector row | Mandible | CNN | Yan et al. 52 | |
| 2018 | Multidetector row | Vertebrae | CNN | Zhou et al. 53 | |
| 2019 | – | Vertebrae | CNN | Dutta et al. 54 | |
| 2019 | – | Teeth | CNN | Gou et al. 55 | |
| 2019 | Multidetector row | Whole-body | CNN | Klein et al. 56 | |
| 2019 | Multidetector row | Orbital bones | CNN | Lee et al. 57 | |
| 2019 | Multidetector row | Vertebrae | CNN | Lessmann et al. 58 | |
| 2019 | Cone-beam | Mandible, teeth | CNN | Minnema et al. 4 | |
| 2019 | Multidetector row | Vertebrae | CNN | Rehman et al. 59 | |
| 2019 | Cone-beam | Skull | CNN | Torosdagli et al. 60 | |
| 2019 | – | Vertebrae | CNN | Vania et al. 61 | |
| 2019 | Multidetector row | Pelvic bones | CNN | Wang et al. 62 | |
| 2019 | Micro-CT | Teeth | CNN | Yazdani et al. 63 | |
| 2020 | Cone-beam | Teeth | CNN | Lee et al. 64 | |
| 2020 | – | Temporal bone | CNN | Li et al. 65 | |
| 2020 | – | Vertebrae | CNN | Yin et al. 66 | |
| 2020 | Multidetector row | Whole-body | CNN | Noguchi et al. 67 | |
| 2020 | Multidetector row | Vertebrae | CNN | Bae et al. 68 | |
| 2020 | Multidetector row | Cochleae | CNN | Heutink et al. 69 | |
| 2020 | Cone-beam | Skull | CNN | Zhang et al. 70 | |
| 2020 | – | Vertebrae | Cascaded CNN | Xia et al. 71 | |
| 2020 | Cone-beam | Teeth | CNN | Chen et al. 72 | |
| 2020 | Cone-beam | Teeth | CNN | Rao et al. 73 | |
| Surgical planning | 2000 | – | Skull | MLP based on legendre polynomials | Hsu and Tseng 74 |
| 2001 | – | Skull | MLP based on legendre polynomials | Hsu and Tseng 75 | |
| 2001 | Multidetector row | Radius | Bernstein Basis function network | Knopf and Al-Naji 76 | |
| 2010 | n.a. | Femur | MLP | Hambli 77 | |
| 2012 | n.a. | Femur | MLP | Campoli et al. 78 | |
| 2012 | n.a. | Bone microstructure | Meshing growing neural gas (MGNG) | Fischer and Holdstein 79 | |
| 2016 | n.a. | Femur | MLP | Chanda et al. 80 | |
| 2018 | n.a. | Dental implant | MLP | Roy et al. 81 | |
| 2019 | n.a. | Spinal implant | MLP | Biswas et al. 82 | |
| 2020 | – | Skull | GAN | Kodym et al. 83 | |
| 2020 | – | Mandible | GAN | Liang et al. 84 |
- : not specified; CNN: convolutional neural network; GAN: generative adversarial network; MLP: multilayer perceptron;NN: neural network; RNN: recurrent neural network; n.a.: not applicable.