Table 2.
Studies on atropine for myopia control
| Authors (year) | Study design | No. of subjects | Treatment period | Treatment | Control group | Initial refractive error (in Diopters) | Change in refractive error in treatment versus control group (Diopter/year) | Change in axial length (mm/year) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bedrossian et al. (1966) (51) | Retrospective | 35 | 1 year | 1% Atr or Scop drops | Untreated fellow eye | –0.5––5 | +0.18; –0.91 | NA |
| Gimbel (1973) (55) | Retrospective | 594 | 3 years | 1 % Atr | Untreated myopes | <0.25 | +0.59; –0.61 | NA |
| Brodstein et al. (1984) (79) | Retrospective | 399 | 1-9 years | Atr 1% qhs and BF 2.25 | Untreated myopes | <-0.5 | –0.01 (0.03); –0.03 (0.02) | NA |
| Yen et al. (1989) (49) | RCT | 96 | 1 year | 1% Atr drops; q.o.d. or 1% Cp drops | Placebo | –0.5––4.0 | –0.22 (0.54); –0.58 (0.49); –0.91 (0.58) |
NA |
| Shih et al. (1999) (50) | RCT | 200 | 2 years | 0.5% Atr, or 0.25% Atr, or 0.1% Atr all drops | Placebo | –0.5––7 D | –0.04 (0.63); –0.45 (0.55)*; –0.47 (0.91); –1.06 (0.61) |
NA |
| Romano et al. (2000) (73) | Retrospective | 35 | 2 years | 1% Atr drops + BF always compliant | Partially compliant or never compliant to treatment | NA | +0.07; –0.18; –0.17 | NA |
| Syniuta et al. (2001) (75) | RCT | 30 | 8 years | 1% Atr (drops) + BF | Untreated myopes | <–6.0 | 0.05 (0.67); 0.84 (0.26) | NA |
| Shih et al. ) (2001) (80 | RCT | 227 | 1.5 years | 0.5% Atr drops + MF | Placebo drops + MF or + SV | –3.3 (average) | –0.42 (0.07); –1.19 (0.07); –1.40 (0.09) (progression after 18 months) |
0.22 (0.03); 0.49 (0.03) |
| Lee et al. (2006) (81) | Non Randomized | 57 | 1 year | 0.05% Atr drops | Untreated myopes | –0.5––5.5 | –0.28 (0.26); –0.75 (0.35 | NA |
| Chua et al. (2006) (36) ATOM 1 Study | RCT | 400 | 2 years | 1% Atr drops | Placebo | –1.0––6.0 | –0.28 (0.92); –1.20 (0.69) (progression after 2 years) | 0.02 (0.35); 0.38 (0.38) (>2 years) |
| Liang et al. (2008) (82) | RCT | 71 | 8.82 months | 0.5% Atr (23) or 0.25% Atr + acupoints; all drops |
0.25% Atr drops | <–0.5 | –0.15 (0.15); –0.21 (0.23); –0.38 (0.32 |
0.12 (0.12); 0.14 (0.11); 0.16 (0.09 |
| Fang et al. (2010) (35) | Non randomized | 50 | >1 year | 0.025% Atr | Untreated premyopes | +1––1 | 0.14 (0.24); –0.58 (0.34) | NA |
| Chia et al., (2012) (37) ATOM 2 Study | RCT | 400 | 2 years | 0.5%, 0.1%, 0.01% Atr | ----- | <–2.0 | –0.30(0.60); –0.38(0.60); –0.49(0.63) |
0.27(0.250; 0.28(0.27); 0.41(0.63) |
| Yi et al. (2015) (76) | RCT | 132 | 1 year | 1% Atr | Placebo | –0.5––2.0 | 0.32 (0.22);–0.85(0.31) | –0.03 (0.07); 0.32(0.15) |
| Wang et al. (2017) (83) | RCT | 126 | 1 year | 0.5% Atr | Placebo | –0.5––2.0 | –0.8; –0.2 | 23mm at 1 year; 24.3 mm at 1 year |
| Yam et al. (2018) (39) LAMP Study | RCT | 438 | 1 year | 0.05%, 0.025%, 0.01% Atr | Placebo | <–1.0 | –0.27(0.61); –0.46(0.45); –0.59(0.61); –0.81(0.53) |
0.20 (0.250; 0.29 (0.20); 0.36 (0.29); 0.41 (0.22) |
| Tan et al. (84) (2019) AOK Study | RCT | 68 | 1 month | 0.01% Atr +OrthoK | OrthoK | –1.0––4.0 | NA | –0.05 (0.05); –0.02 (0.03) |
| Wei et al. (85) (2020) | RCT | 220 | 1 year | 0.01% Atr | Placebo | –2.58 (1.39) | –0.49 (0.42); –0.76 (0.50) | 0.32 (0.19); 0.41 (0.19) |
| Pérez-Flores I et al. (86) (2021) | RCT | 105 | 1 year | 0.01% Atr | ------ | –2.00 D to –6.00 D | –0.44 ± 0.41 | 0.27 ± 0.20 |
Atr: Atropine; BF: Bifocal; Cp: Cyclopentolate; MF: Multifocal; NA: Not available; OrthoK: Orthokeratology; qhs: Bed time; qod: Every other day; RCT: Randomized controlled trial; Scop: Scopolamine; SV: Single vision.