FIGURE 4.

States of a cyanobacterium when subjected to different conditions of nitrogen and diffusion in the model in the study by Torres-Sánchez et al. (2015). When combined nitrogen (cN) is provided to the cell, there is only one stable fixed point (A), which corresponds to a state in which the production of both HetR and PatS is minimum (vegetative state). When subjected to nitrogen deprivation, there are two stable fixed points (B and C). The first point (B) is a vegetative state in which there exists an equilibrium between a small production of HetR, PatS, and cN. The same kind of equilibrium is present in the second fixed point (C) but in this case, the production of all transcription factors and cN is high (heterocyst steady state). When the cell is exposed to nitrogen stress, its trajectory evolves from (A) to the steady state (B) and, thus, it remains vegetative. Assuming some diffusion of cN and PatS from the cell, the only stable state (D) corresponds to a heterocyst state with high levels of production of HetR, cN, and PatS, being the latter transported to the surroundings of the cell. Adapted from Torres-Sánchez et al. (2015), CC BY 4.0 license.