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. 2022 Sep 16;10:1022368. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1022368

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Copyright © 2022 Zhuang, Jiang, Yuan and Lin.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) dynamic mechanical stimulus promoted the biological performance of MSC-EVs in OA treatment. (A) Safranin O, Toluidine Blue and HE staining for knee joints sections; (B) The mechanism underlying the therapeutic effect of LIPUS-treated MSC-EVs; (C,D) Western blot analysis for anabolism related proteins of chondrocytes, and semi-quantification; (E) RT-qPCR analysis for the expression of anabolism related genes; (F) Western blot analysis for the expression of NF-κB pathway related proteins. Reproduced from Ref. (Liao et al., 2021), International Immunopharmacology, ELSEVIER Publication at 2021.