TABLE 2.
Role of lncRNA MALAT1 in chronic lung diseases and other conditions.
| Lung diseases | Expression | Functions | Role | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| COPD | Up | MALAT1↓→cell proliferation↑ | Promoter | Hu et al. (2020) |
| BPD | Up | MALAT1↓→miR-206↑→lung inflammation↓, oxidative stress↓, cell apoptosis↓ | Promoter | Zhang et al. (2021b) |
| Up | MALAT1↑→miR-129-5p↓→HMGB1↑→inflammation↑ | Promoter | Yangi et al. (2020) | |
| Up | MALAT1↓→CREB phosphorylation↓→STING↓→cell proliferation↑, cell apoptosis↓ | Promoter | Chen et al. (2020a) | |
| Down | MALAT1↓→cell apoptosis↑ | Suppressor | Zhang et al. (2021c) | |
| Up | MALAT1↑→cell apoptosis↓ | Suppressor | Cai et al. (2017) | |
| Pulmonary fibrosis | Down | MALAT1↓→OxPhos↑→M2 macrophage polarization↑, profibrotic differentiation of macrophage↑→pulmonary fibrosis↑ | Suppressor | Cui et al. (2019) |
| Up | MALAT1↓→miR-503↑→PI3K/AKT/mTOR/Snail pathway↓→EMT↓→pulmonary fibrosis↓ | Promoter | Yan et al. (2017) | |
| Asthma | Up | MALAT1↓→miR-133a↑→RyR2↓→cell apoptosis↓, inflammatory factor release↓ | Promoter | Yang and Wang, (2021) |
| Up | MALAT1↓→miR-216a↑→cell apoptosis↑, proliferation↓, migration↓ | Promoter | Huang et al. (2021) | |
| Up | MALAT1↓→miR-150↑→eIF4E↓→AKT↓→proliferation↓, migration↓ | Promoter | Lin et al. (2019a) | |
| Up | MALAT1↑→miR-155↓→CTLA4↑→Th1/Th2 ratio↓, T-bet/GATA3 ratio↓ | Promoter | Liang and Tang, (2020) | |
| PH | Up | MALAT1↑→miR-503-TLR4 signal axis↓→cell apoptosis↓, cell proliferation↑, migration↑ | Promoter | He et al. (2020) |
| Up | MALAT1↓→miR-124-3p.1↑→KLF5↓→proliferation↓, migration↓ | Promoter | Wang et al. (2019a) | |
| Up | MALAT1↓→proliferation↓, migration↓ | Promoter | Brock et al. (2017) | |
| LTIR | Up | MALAT1↓→IL-8↓→infiltration and activation of neutrophils↓→inflammatory injury↓ | Promoter | Wei et al. (2019a) |
| Radiation-induced lung injury | Up | Irradiation→DNA damage↑→MALAT1↑→miR146a↓→STAT1↑→adhesion molecules↑→inflammatory response↑, lung injury↑ | Promoter | Yuan et al. (2020) |
| Pneumonia | Up | MALAT1↓→NF-κB↓→lung inflammation↓, lung injury↓ | Promoter | Gu et al. (2020) |
Abbreviations: COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; MALAT1, metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1; miRNA, microRNA; BPD, bronchopulmonary dysplasia; HMGB1, high-mobility group box 1; CREB, cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) response element-binding protein; STING, stimulator of interferon genes; OxPhos, oxidative phosphorylation; PI3K, phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase; AKT, protein kinase B; mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin; EMT, epithelial-mesenchymal transition; RyR2, ryanodine receptor 2; eIF-4E, eukaryotic initiation factor 4E; CTLA4, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4; Th1, T helper one; T-bet, T box protein expressed in T cells; GATA3, GATA-binding protein 3; PH, pulmonary hypertension; TLR4, Toll-Like Receptor 4; KLF5, Kruppel-like factor 5; LTIR, lung transplant ischemia-reperfusion; IL-8, interleukin-8; STAT1, signal transducer and activator of transcription 1; NF-κB, nuclear factor‐kappaB.