TABLE 1.
Formulation composition and pharmacological actions of representative TCM.
| Prescription | Formulation composition | Pharmacological actions | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| XueBiJing Injection | Carthamus tinctorius L. (Honghua), Paeonia lactiflora Pall. (Chishao), Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (Danshen), Conioselinum anthriscoides ‘Chuanxiong’ (chuanxiong), Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels (Danggui) | down-regulated the inflammatory response (IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-10, etc.) and the activation of signaling pathways (NF-κB, MAPK, and PI3K/Akt) initiated by Pam3CSK4 | Li T. et al., 2020; Li et al. 2016 |
| Shenfu Injection | Panax ginseng C. A. Mey. (Hongshen), processed Aconitum carmichaeli Debeaux (Fuzi) | inhibits MEK and ERK signal pathways, reduces apoptosis, and alleviates sepsis-induced inflammation and mitochondrial damage | Chen et al., 2020b; Xu et al., 2020 |
| Qingwen Baidu Decoction | Rehmannia glutinosa (Gaertn.) DC. (Dihuang), Cornu Bubali (Xijiao), Coptis chinensis Franch. (Huanglian), Gardenia jasminoides J.Ellis (Zhizi), Platycodon grandiflorus (Jacq.) A. DC. (Jiegeng), Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (Huangqin), Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bunge (Zhimu), Paeonia lactiflora Pall. (Chishao), Scrophularia ningpoensis Hemsl. (Xuanshen), Forsythia suspensa (Thunb.) Vahl (Lianqiao), Lophatherum gracile Brongn. (Danzhuye), Glycyrrhiza glabra L. (Gancao), Paeonia × suffruticosa Andrews (Danpi), Gypsum Fibrosum (Shigao) | reducing the level of inflammation, inhibited the activation of NF-κB and STAT3 signal pathways | Yu et al., 2014; Zheng et al., 2020 |
| Huanglian Jiedu Decoction | Phellodendron chinense C. K. Schneid. (Huangbai), Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (Huangqin), Gardenia jasminoides J. Ellis (Zhizi), Coptis chinensis Franch. (Huanglian) | the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway was activated and the HMGB-1/TLR4/NF-κB signal pathway was inhibited, resulting in reduction of production of IL-6 and TNF-α | Xu et al., 2017; Chen et al., 2017 |
| Xuanbai Chengqi Decoction | Rheum palmatum L. (Dahuang), Gypsum Fibrosum (Shigao), Prunus armeniaca L. (Xingren), Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim. (Gualou) | modulating the gut microbiota, restoring the gut barrier, and downregulating inflammatory responses | Mu et al., 2021 |
TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor alpha; IL-6, Interleukin-6; IL-10, Interleukin-10; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; Pam3CSK4, a synthetic tripalmitoylated lipopeptide mimicking bacterial lipoproteins.