Leading cells lead collective electrotaxis with suppressed migration sideways
(A) Snapshots of regions of a cell sheet 1 h before the onset of EF and 6 h in the EFs.
(B–D) Cells in the leading (L), Central (C), Rear (R) regions were tracked, for Y axis displacement (B), directionality (C), and speed (D) as a function of time during EF application. Data are presented as mean ± SEM from 20 cell migration trajectories from three independent experiments.
(E and F) Migration trajectories of cells in leading region, central region, right region, and rear region of the cell sheet in an EF and NO EF group. Data from representative three independent experiments are represented (n = 20 for each group). EF = 200 mV/mm. See also Figure S7 and Video S2.