Table 4.
Cognitive assessments between CD patients with and without CI.
| Total | With CI | Without CI | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ACE-R | 82.00 ± 12.21 | 75.62 ± 11.05 | 92.31 ± 4.51 | <0.001* |
| Attention/working memory | ||||
| DOT-A | 5.43 ± 2.31 | 4.60 ± 2.19 | 6.77 ± 1.86 | <0.001* |
| DST | 6.74 ± 3.02 | 5.21 ± 2.21 | 9.19 ± 2.48 | <0.001* |
| Executive function | ||||
| VFT | 15.50 ± 3.82 | 14.05 ± 3.34 | 17.85 ± 3.40 | <0.001* |
| CDT | 10.91 ± 2.34 | 9.95 ± 2.42 | 12.46 ± 1.03 | <0.001* |
| Language | ||||
| WAIS-RC | 14.76 ± 4.31 | 12.83 ± 4.08 | 17.88 ± 2.45 | <0.001* |
| BNT | 23.10 ± 4.26 | 20.90 ± 3.61 | 26.65 ± 2.43 | <0.001* |
| Memory | ||||
| HVLT-R | 20.00 ± 5.65 | 17.62 ± 5.49 | 23.85 ± 3.38 | <0.001* |
| BVMT-R | 17.44 ± 9.05 | 13.64 ± 8.60 | 23.58 ± 5.91 | <0.001* |
| Visuospatial function | ||||
| BLO | 23.70 ± 3.61 | 21.77 ± 3.07 | 26.81 ± 1.79 | <0.001* |
| CCT | 12.85 ± 1.99 | 11.86 ± 1.91 | 14.46 ± 0.51 | <0.001* |
CD, cervical dystonia; CI, cognitive impairment; ACE-R, Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination Revised; DOT-A, adaptive digit ordering test; DST, backward digit span test; VFT, verbal fluency test; CDT, clock drawing test; WAIS-RC, Wechsler intelligence scale for adult-Chinese revised; BNT, Boston naming test; HVLT-R, Hopkins verbal learning test-revised; BVMT-R, brief visuospatial memory test-revised; BLO, Benton line orientation; CCT, clock copying test.
*
Significant difference.