Table 2. Adjusted Associations of e-Cigarette Initiation at Follow-up With Baseline Past 30-Day e-Cigarette Advertising Exposure, Parental Use, and Peer Use.
| Factor | e-Cigarette use, OR (95% CI)a | |
|---|---|---|
| Ever | Current | |
| Past 30-d any e-cigarette advertising exposureb | 1.21 (1.05-1.41) | 1.42 (1.16-1.75) |
| Parental e-cigarette useb | 1.33 (0.96-1.85) | 1.10 (0.71-1.68) |
| Friends using e-cigarettes | ||
| None | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| A few | 2.69 (2.27-3.18) | 2.27 (1.81-2.85) |
| Some | 3.69 (2.91-4.68) | 3.35 (2.45-4.58) |
| Most | 4.56 (3.14-6.63) | 4.40 (2.77-7.00) |
| All | 4.08 (1.44-11.59) | 5.42 (1.49-19.72) |
| Perception of harm from e-cigarette use | ||
| No harm | 2.44 (1.55-3.84) | 3.21 (1.78-5.80) |
| Little harm | 2.56 (2.10-3.13) | 2.01 (1.53-2.65) |
| Some harm | 1.50 (1.30-1.73) | 1.27 (1.04-1.56) |
| A lot of harm | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| Sex | ||
| Boys | 0.89 (0.78-1.02) | 0.83 (0.69-0.99) |
| Girls | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| Age, y | ||
| 12 | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| 13 | 2.33 (1.79-3.02) | 2.99 (2.00-4.45) |
| 14 | 2.69 (2.09-3.47) | 3.26 (2.20-4.84) |
| 15 | 3.11 (2.41-4.03) | 4.10 (2.77-6.08) |
| 16 | 2.66 (1.98-3.59) | 3.73 (2.40-5.80) |
| 17 | 3.74 (1.15-12.15) | 4.98 (1.20-20.61) |
| Race and ethnicity | ||
| Black | 0.39 (0.30-0.50) | 0.33 (0.23-0.47) |
| Hispanic | 0.70 (0.58-0.85) | 0.70 (0.54-0.92) |
| White | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| Otherc | 0.62 (0.49-0.78) | 0.56 (0.40-0.79) |
| Parental education | ||
| Less than high school | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| High school graduate | 0.89 (0.71-1.13) | 0.91 (0.65-1.28) |
| Some college or associate degree | 0.98 (0.79-1.20) | 0.87 (0.65-1.18) |
| Bachelor's degree or above | 0.93 (0.75-1.16) | 0.79 (0.58-1.09) |
| Severity of internalizing mental health problems | ||
| Low | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| Moderate | 1.11 (0.94-1.31) | 1.05 (0.83-1.31) |
| High | 1.28 (1.06-1.54) | 1.07 (0.83-1.39) |
| Severity of externalizing mental health problems | ||
| Low | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| Moderate | 1.39 (1.16-1.67) | 1.29 (1.01-1.66) |
| High | 1.83 (1.51-2.22) | 1.89 (1.46-2.44) |
| Current cigarette smokingb | 2.55 (1.29-5.06) | 2.26 (0.91-5.59) |
| Current use of other tobacco productsb | 3.42 (1.67-6.99) | 4.80 (2.09-11.05) |
| Wave period | ||
| 4 to 4.5 | 0.78 (0.68-0.89) | 0.83 (0.69-1.01) |
| 4.5 to 5 | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
Abbreviation: OR, odds ratio.
a
Participant state of residence was also controlled for.
b
Reference group was those who answered no.
c
Other included Asian Indian, Chinese, Filipino, Guamanian or Chamorro, Japanese, Korean, Native Hawaiian, non-Hispanic American Indian or Alaska Native, other Asian, other Pacific Islander, Samoan, and Vietnamese.