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. 2022 Sep 16;13:1015035. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1015035

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Copyright © 2022 Hong, Lu, Lu, Huang and Cui.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Effects and mechanisms of sinomenine in morphine dependence. Sinomenine administration was found to suppress the morphine-induced increase in Ca²⁺-cAMP-CaMKII-CREB signaling, which likely contributes to the amelioration of morphine dependence Ou et al. (2018). Administration of sinomenine may also suppress morphine-induced down-regulation of MOR in the brains of mice Fang et al. (2017), the function of which is currently unclear. In addition, researches do not yet know how sinomenine inhibits morphine-induced activation of NMDAR signaling.