Table 3.
Top 70 high-frequency keywords in depression biomarker research.
| Rank | Keywords | Frequency, n | Percentage, % | Cumulative percentage, % |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Depression | 3,993 | 6.0695 | 6.0695 |
| 2 | Biomarker | 1,207 | 1.8347 | 7.9042 |
| 3 | Major depressive disorder | 760 | 1.1552 | 9.0594 |
| 4 | Bipolar disorder | 584 | 0.8877 | 9.9471 |
| 5 | Anxiety | 558 | 0.8482 | 10.7953 |
| 6 | Stress | 383 | 0.5822 | 11.3775 |
| 7 | Oxidative Stress | 347 | 0.5275 | 11.9049 |
| 8 | Brain-derived neurotrophic factor | 339 | 0.5153 | 12.4202 |
| 9 | Schizophrenia | 330 | 0.5016 | 12.9218 |
| 10 | Antidepressant | 329 | 0.5001 | 13.4219 |
| 11 | Cytokines | 322 | 0.4895 | 13.9114 |
| 12 | Cortisol | 272 | 0.4134 | 14.3248 |
| 13 | Cognition | 255 | 0.3876 | 14.7124 |
| 14 | C-reactive protein | 255 | 0.3876 | 15.1000 |
| 15 | Hippocampus | 250 | 0.3800 | 15.4800 |
| 16 | Major depression | 238 | 0.3618 | 15.8418 |
| 17 | Alzheimer's disease | 215 | 0.3268 | 16.1686 |
| 18 | Mood disorders | 176 | 0.2675 | 16.4361 |
| 19 | Parkinson's disease | 174 | 0.2645 | 16.7006 |
| 20 | Suicide | 170 | 0.2584 | 16.9590 |
| 21 | Neuro depression | 168 | 0.2554 | 17.2144 |
| 22 | Serotonin | 163 | 0.2478 | 17.4622 |
| 23 | Interleukin-6 | 161 | 0.2447 | 17.7069 |
| 24 | Quality of life | 150 | 0.2280 | 17.9349 |
| 25 | fMRI | 147 | 0.2234 | 18.1583 |
| 26 | Aging | 146 | 0.2219 | 18.3803 |
| 27 | Sleep | 145 | 0.2204 | 18.6007 |
| 28 | Depressive symptoms | 141 | 0.2143 | 18.8150 |
| 29 | Adolescent | 136 | 0.2067 | 19.0217 |
| 30 | Neuroimaging | 136 | 0.2067 | 19.2284 |
| 31 | Mental health | 135 | 0.2052 | 19.4336 |
| 32 | Fatigue | 134 | 0.2037 | 19.6373 |
| 33 | Dementia | 132 | 0.2006 | 19.8380 |
| 34 | EEG | 123 | 0.1870 | 20.0249 |
| 35 | Functional connectivity | 123 | 0.1870 | 20.2119 |
| 36 | Pregnancy | 122 | 0.1854 | 20.3973 |
| 37 | Obesity | 122 | 0.1854 | 20.5828 |
| 38 | Epidemiology | 121 | 0.1839 | 20.7667 |
| 39 | Inbreeding | 118 | 0.1794 | 20.9461 |
| 40 | Machine learning | 117 | 0.1778 | 21.1239 |
| 41 | Metabolomics | 111 | 0.1687 | 21.2926 |
| 42 | Amygdala | 110 | 0.1672 | 21.4598 |
| 43 | Genetic diversity | 100 | 0.1520 | 21.6118 |
| 44 | Adolescence | 98 | 0.1490 | 21.7608 |
| 45 | Magnetic resonance imaging | 97 | 0.1474 | 21.9083 |
| 46 | Cardiovascular disease | 94 | 0.1429 | 22.0511 |
| 47 | Heart rate variability | 93 | 0.1414 | 22.1925 |
| 48 | Exercise | 91 | 0.1383 | 22.3308 |
| 49 | Psychosis | 90 | 0.1368 | 22.4676 |
| 50 | Prefrontal cortex | 90 | 0.1368 | 22.6044 |
| 51 | Mild cognitive impairment | 89 | 0.1353 | 22.9936 |
| 52 | Post-traumatic stress disorder | 89 | 0.1353 | 23.1288 |
| 53 | Inbreeding depression | 89 | 0.1353 | 23.2641 |
| 54 | PTSD | 87 | 0.1322 | 23.3964 |
| 55 | DNA methylation | 85 | 0.1292 | 23.5256 |
| 56 | Gene expression | 84 | 0.1277 | 23.6532 |
| 57 | Glutamate | 82 | 0.1246 | 23.7779 |
| 58 | Genetics | 82 | 0.1246 | 23.9025 |
| 59 | Ketamine | 82 | 0.1246 | 24.0272 |
| 60 | Neurogenesis | 82 | 0.1246 | 24.1518 |
| 61 | HPA axis | 80 | 0.1216 | 24.2734 |
| 62 | Treatment response | 80 | 0.1216 | 24.3950 |
| 63 | Stroke | 78 | 0.1186 | 24.5136 |
| 64 | Cognitive impairment | 77 | 0.1170 | 24.6306 |
| 65 | Pain | 75 | 0.1140 | 24.7446 |
| 66 | Multiple sclerosis | 74 | 0.1125 | 24.8571 |
| 67 | Electroconvulsive therapy | 73 | 0.1110 | 24.9681 |
| 68 | Memory | 73 | 0.1110 | 25.0790 |
| 69 | Cerebrospinal fluid | 71 | 0.1079 | 25.1870 |
| 70 | Mood | 71 | 0.1079 | 25.2949 |
| 71 | Emotion | 70 | 0.1064 | 25.4013 |