TABLE 2.
The drugs targeting H19.
| Drugs | Diseases | Year | References | Biological mechanisms |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ginsenoside Rb3 | Smoke-induced lung injury | 2021 | Tan et al. (2021) | Inhibiting the expression of H19, HMGB1, and TLR4, promoting the expression of miR-29b-3p. And then alleviating smoke‐induced lung injury |
| Curcumenol | Lung cancer | 2022 | Zhang et al. (2022) | Inhibiting the expression of H19 and FTH1, promoting ferroptosis and the expression of miR-19b-3p |
| Dihydroartemisinin | Liver fibrosis | 2021 | Xia et al. (2021) | Inhibiting H19 transcription and reducing signaling by H19-AMPK, thereby preventing liver fibrosis |
| Metformin | Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion | 2019 | Zeng et al. (2019) | Inhibiting the expression of H19 can promote the expression of miR-148a-3p, thus decreasing the expression of Rock2 to inhibit oxidative stress response |
| Polycystic ovary syndrome | 2019 | Chen et al. (2019) | Increasing the expression of miR-29b-3p by inhibiting H19, thus inhibiting the expression of MMP-9 and MMP-2 | |
| Gastric cancer | 2019 | Li et al. (2019b) | Decreasing the expression of H19, thereby activating AMPKα and inhibiting MMP9 | |
| Pre-eclampsia | 2019 | Shu et al. (2019) | Reducing H19, promoting the expression of miR-148a-5p and miR-216-3p, and then decreasing the expression of P28 and EBI3 proteins | |
| Diabetic nephropathy | 2020 | Xu et al. (2020) | Decreasing the expression of H19 and TGF-β1, promoting the expression of miR-143-3p, and reducing cell proliferation, inflammation, and ECM accumulation | |
| Melatonin | Ischemic heart diseases | 2016 | Cai et al. (2016) | By promoting the expression of miR-675, the senescence of cardiac grandmother cells was inhibited |
| Early brain injury following subarachnoid hemorrhage | 2018 | Yang et al. (2018) | Promoting the expression of H19, miR-675-3p, and NGF, inhibiting the expression of P53 and LET-7A, and then inhibiting apoptosis | |
| Pulmonary Hypertension | 2018 | Wang et al. (2018a) | Upregulating H19, miR-675-3p, and PDCD4, downregulating miR-200a and IGFR1, and then reducing vascular remodeling and PAH. | |
| Atorvastatin | Acute myocardial infarction | 2020 | Huang et al. (2020b) | H19 in exosomes and its downstream signaling pathway mediate blood vessels to protect the heart |
| Levonorgestrel | Adenomyosis | 2020 | Liang et al. (2020) | Increasing the expression of H19 and decreasing miR-17 and TLR4 to promote apoptosis and inhibit inflammation |
| Valproic acid | Ovarian cancer | 2018 | Sajadpoor et al. (2018) | Negatively regulating the expression of H19 and EZH2, inducing apoptosis and inhibiting proliferation of cancer cells |
| 5-Azacytidine | Rhabdomyosarcoma | 2015 | Tarnowski et al. (2015) | Activating H19 and miR-675 by demethylation of DMR at IGF2-H19 inhibits rhabdomyosarcoma cell proliferation |
| Geniposide | Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy | 2019 | Yuan and Zheng, (2019) | Promoting the expression of H19, activating the PI3K/AKT and Wnt/β -catenin pathways, and inhibiting cell apoptosis |
| Astragaloside IV | Atherosclerosis | 2019 | Song et al. (2019) | Promoting H19 expression, inhibiting DUSP5, then attenuating autophagy and mineralization of VSMCs in atherosclerosis |
| 6-Gingerol | Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury | 2021 | Lv et al. (2021) | Increasing the expression of H19 and ATG7, inhibiting the expression of miR-143, and promoting autophagy to alleviate myocardial injury |
| Huaier Extract | Breast Cancer | 2017 | Wang et al. (2017) | Inhibiting the expression of H19 and miR-675, promoting the expression of CBL, inhibiting the proliferation of breast cancer cells, and inducing apoptosis |
| Cinnamaldehyde | Inflammatory bowel disease | 2021 | Qu et al. (2021) | Inhibiting Th17 cell differentiation by the S1P2 pathway and inducing inflammation by regulating H19 and MIAT. |
| Berberine | Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease | 2021 | Wang et al. (2021b) | Inhibiting the expression of H19 can alleviate liver fibrosis |
| Icariin | Aberrant proliferation of retinal pigment epithelial | 2020 | Zhang et al. (2020c) | Promoting the expression of H19, p53, and p21, inhibiting cell proliferation |