Table 1. Comparison of the Readout Systems for LFA Quantification.
| reader | signal | detection of | LoD (pg mL–1) | price ($) | size (cm3) | weight (g) | ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| smartphone-based | colorimetric | E. coli O157:H7 | 104 CFU mL–1 | ∼200 | 2.5 × 3.8 × 2 | 400 | (38) |
| smartphone-based | colorimetric | HIgG | 1.00 × 1004 | ∼250 | 1.5 × 0.8 × 0.1 | 140 | (39) |
| smartphone-based | colorimetric | EVD-IgG | 2.00 × 1005 | ∼200 | 13.6 × 6.9 × 0.7 | 130 | (4) |
| smartphone-based | colorimetric | HIgG | 7.50 × 1004 | 214 | 14 × 7 × 1 | 130 | (40) |
| smartphone-based | luminescence | PSA | 100 | ∼200 | (41) | ||
| smartphone-based | colorimetric and luminescence | AFB1 | 590 | ∼200 | 7 × 7 × 7 | (42) | |
| UCNP reader | luminescence | triamcinolone acetonide | 980 | 30 × 30 × 15 | 2000 | (47) | |
| UCNP reader | luminescence | ST-2 | 5000 | ∼700 | 24 × 9.4 × 5.4 | 900 | (48) |
| UCNP reader | luminescence | ochratoxin A | 3000 | ∼650 | (49) | ||
| thermal contrast reader | TCA | hCG | 180 | ∼500 | 13.3 × 10.8 × 7.3 | (58) | |
| SERS reader | SERS | hCG | 106 | >3000 | 18 × 11 × 4.7 | >1000 | (59) |
| photoacoustic reader | PA | glucose | 5.40 × 1006 | ∼1300 | 4 × 2 × 2 | >4000 | (60) |