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STM and nc-AFM imaging of the rutile TiO2 (110) surface. Same area of the sample is shown with (a) empty states STM, (b) filled states STM, and (c) AFM. All images were measured at a sample temperature T = 78 K. (d) Structural model of the surface. STM and AFM images were measured in constant-height mode. Adapted from ref (37). Copyright 2017 American Physical Society under CC-BY license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
