Table 3.

Sensitivity analysis showing the effect of lung cancer in COPD.

Study design	Deletion	Result
Cohort study	Thomsen M, 2012 (34)	ES = 5.23%, 95% CI [4.29%, 6.18%]
	Lin SH, 2013 (37)	ES = 5.02%, 95% CI [4.09%, 5.95%]
	Sandelin M, 2018 (23)	ES = 5.17%, 95% CI [4.22%, 6.11%]
	Ahn SV, 2020 (24)	ES = 4.91%, 95% CI [3.99%, 5.82%]
	de Torres JP, 2007 (38)	ES = 5.19%, 95% CI [4.26%, 6.12%]
	Purdue MP, 2007 (39)	ES = 5.18%, 95% CI [4.24%, 6.11%]
	Wilson DO, 2008 (40)	ES = 5.10%, 95% CI [4.17%, 6.04%]
	Rodríguez, L. A. 2010 (41)	ES = 5.18%, 95% CI [4.24%, 6.11%]
	de Torres JP, 2011 (42)	ES = 4.97%, 95% CI [4.04%, 5.89%]
	Kornum JB, 2012 (43)	ES = 5.14%, 95% CI [4.16%, 6.12%]
	Shen TC, 2014 (44)	ES = 5.15%, 95% CI [4.21%, 6.09%]
	Husebø GR, 2019 (24)	ES = 5.04%, 95% CI [4.12%, 5.97%]
	Park HY, 2020 (25)	ES = 5.22%, 95% CI [4.33%, 6.11%]
	Machida H, 2021 (26)	ES = 5.01%, 95% CI [4.08%, 5.93%]
	Ställberg B, 2018 (47)	ES = 5.04%, 95% CI [4.12%, 5.97%]
	Mannino DM, 2003 (48)	ES = 5.19%, 95% CI [4.26%, 6.13%]
	Hasegawa W, 2014 (45)	ES = 4.85%, 95% CI [4.10%, 5.59%]
	Roberts CM, 2011	ES = 5.20%, 95% CI [4.26%, 6.15%]
	Chubachi S, 2016 (35)	ES = 5.11%, 95% CI [4.18%, 6.04%]
	Divo M, 2012 (13)	ES = 4.95%, 95% CI [4.02%, 5.88%]
	Westerik JA, 2017 (36)	ES = 5.20%, 95% CI [4.25%, 6.14%]
Cross-sectional study	Jung, HI, 2018 (53)	ES = 5.10%, 95% CI [4.17%, 6.03%]
	Montserrat-Capdevila J. 2021 (28)	ES = 5.20%, 95% CI [4.24%, 6.15%]
	Jurevičienė E. 2022 (29)	ES = 5.13%, 95% CI [4.20%, 6.06%]
	Masuda S, 2017 (54)	ES = 5.21%, 95% CI [4.28%, 6.14%]
	Nishida Y, 2017 (55)	ES = 4.75%, 95% CI [3.82%, 5.67%]
	Jo YS, 2015 (51)	ES = 4.86%, 95% CI [3.93%, 5.78%]
	Deniz S, 2016 (52)	ES = 5.20%, 95% CI [4.27%, 6.13%]
Case-control study	Sakai T. 2020 (27)	ES = 4.84%, 95% CI [3.92%, 5.76%]
	Schneider C, 2010 (49)	ES = 5.00%, 95% CI [4.09%, 5.91%]
	Greulich T, 2017 (50)	ES = 5.27%, 95% CI [4.20%, 6.35%]