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. 2022 Sep 30;20:439. doi: 10.1186/s12967-022-03650-x

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 5 — Metabolite composition and difference between Proximal T and Proximal N. A, B OPLS-DA showed that Proximal T and Proximal N were separated into two clusters. Test for OPLS-DA model showed that the OPLS-DA model for this study was valid. C Volcano map of different metabolites between Proximal T and Proximal N. (VIP > 1 and p value < 0.05). D The functions of these metabolites and metabolic pathways were studied using the KEGG database. E Heatmap representative differentially metabolites between Proximal T and Proximal N. Tumor, represents the samples of Proximal T; Normal, represents the samples of Proximal N.The abscissa represents the sample name and the ordinate represents the differential metabolite. The color from blue to red indicates that the expression abundance of metabolites is from low to high, that is, the more red indicates that the expression abundance of differential metabolites is higher