Table 2.
Pre-clinical Trichuris-derived immunomodulators that have been tested in vivo or ex vivo
| Name | UniProt IDa | Comments | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| PGE2 | N/A (lipid) | Partial fractionation led to decreased expression of the chemokines CCL2, CXCL9, CCL8 and CCL19, increased expression of the chemokine CXCL16 and decreased TNF-α secretion from human DCs | Laan et al. [55] |
| Triosephosphate isomerase (D918-00,560) | Not listed | Incubation of bone marrow-derived macrophages with recombinant T. suis triosephosphate isomerase and nucleoside diphosphate kinase significantly suppressed TNF-α secretion from mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages and DCs | Leroux et al. [17] |
| Nucleoside diphosphate kinase (D918-00,383) | Not listed | ||
| Chitinase KFD48490.1 | Not listed | Administration of a recombinant chitinase led to improved clinical symptoms in a murine OVA-induced allergic airway disease model, associated with reduced eosinophil recruitment to the lung | Ebner et al. [59] |
| p43 | A0A5S6QYG9 | The structural similarity of p43 with part of the IL-13Rα-2 enables it to bind IL-13, a key cytokine for worm expulsion, thus promoting worm survival | Bancroft et al. [18] |
DC Dendritic cell, IL-13Rα-2 IL-13 receptor subunit alpha-2, N/A Not available, OVA ovalbumin, PGE2 prostaglandin E2, TNF-α tumor necrosis factor alpha
aUniProt identification (ID) is included where available, however in most cases it was not possible to infer this from the information given