Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the studied patient population and the single factor analysis as stratified by the prognosis of stroke (n = 403)
| Variables | Total population (n = 403) | Functional outcome | x2/t/Z | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Excellent (90-day mRS 0–2) (n = 228) | Poor (90-day mRS 3–6) (n = 175) | ||||
| Age, median (IQR)—years | 67 (56–75) | 66.5 (55–73) | 69 (60,77) | − 2.851 | 0.004 |
| Sex—no. (%) | 2.907 | 0.088 | |||
| Male | 256 (63.5) | 75 (32.9) | 72 (41.1) | ||
| Female | 147 (36.5) | 153 (67.1) | 103 (58.9) | ||
| BMI, mean (SD)—kg/m2 | 24.48 ± 3.36 | 24.43 ± 3.57 | 24.43 ± 3.58 | 0.254 | 0.799 |
| SBP, median (IQR)—mmHg | 155 (138–175) | 154 (137–173) | 156 (141–178) | − 0.971 | 0.332 |
| DBP, median (IQR)—mmHg | 88 (78–100) | 88 (77.25–99) | 89 (78–101) | − 0.538 | 0.590 |
| Medical history | |||||
| Atrial Fibrillation—no. (%) | 121 (30.0) | 52 (22.8) | 69 (39.4) | 13.019 | < 0.001 |
| Hypertension—no. (%) | 269 (66.7) | 144 (63.2) | 125 (71.4) | 3.051 | 0.081 |
| Diabetes mellitus—no. (%) | 99 (24.6) | 50 (21.9) | 49 (28.0) | 1.969 | 0.161 |
| Family history of stroke—no. (%) | 86 (21.3) | 51 (22.4) | 35 (20.0) | 0.331 | 0.565 |
| Smoking—no. (%) | 137 (34.0) | 80 (35.1) | 57 (32.6) | 0.279 | 0.597 |
| Biochemical variables | |||||
| TnI, median (IQR)—pg/ml | 11.2 (7.42–17.23) | 10.765 (7.32–14.64) | 12.76 (7.69–21.46) | − 2.577 | 0.010 |
| D-dimer, median (IQR)—ng/mL | 0.36 (0.22–0.81) | 0.31 (0.22–0.52) | 0.53 (0.26–1.25) | − 5.451 | < 0.001 |
| PLT, mean (SD)—109/L | 198.92 ± 58.55 | 201.45 ± 58.70 | 195.63 ± 58.35 | 0.988 | 0.324 |
| Cr, median (IQR)—mmol/L | 66.8 (57.7–79) | 67.75 (58.03–79.9) | 65.2 (56–78) | − 1.162 | 0.245 |
| TG, median (IQR)—mmol/L | 1.24 (0.91–1.6) | 1.28 (0.9–1.74) | 1.17 (0.93–1.5) | − 1.610 | 0.107 |
| TC, median (IQR)—mmol/L | 4.3 (3.67–5.04) | 4.21 (3.63–5.04) | 4.36 (3.7–5.04) | − 1.158 | 0.247 |
| HDL-C, median (IQR)—mmol/L | 1.01 (0.86–1.19) | 0.99 (0.84–1.16) | 1.04 (0.88–1.21) | − 1.654 | 0.098 |
| LDL-C, median (IQR)—mmol/L | 2.72 (2.11–3.33) | 2.7 (2.06–3.33) | 2.78 (2.22–3.35) | − 1.076 | 0.282 |
| HCY, median (IQR)—mmol/L | 6 (5.6–7.2) | 6 (5.6–6.9) | 6.1 (5.5–8) | − 1.004 | 0.315 |
| NT-proBNP, median (IQR)—100 pg/mL | 1.46 (0.5–7.38) | 1.02 (0.49–4.56) | 3.28 (0.51–10) | − 3.492 | < 0.001 |
| CTP imaging date | |||||
| CTP ischemic volume (IQR)—mL | 34 (0–110) | 15.5 (0–58.5) | 88 (15–185) | − 7.299 | < 0.001 |
| CTP infarct core volume (IQR)—mL | 2 (0–14) | 1 (0–6) | 10 (1–59) | − 7.961 | < 0.001 |
| CTP ischemic penumbra volume (IQR)—ml | 30 (0–84) | 13 (0–51) | 63 (12–102) | − 6.268 | < 0.001 |
| NIHSS—no. (%) | 81.372 | < 0.001 | |||
| Excellent (0–4) | 148 (36.7) | 127 (55.7) | 21 (12.0) | ||
| Poor (5–42) | 255 (63.3) | 101 (44.3) | 154 (88.0) | ||
| Treatment decisions—no. (%) | 3.725 | 0.293 | |||
| IV rt-PA | 218 (54.1) | 132 (57.9) | 86 (49.1) | ||
| EVT | 45 (11.2) | 21 (9.2) | 24 (13.7) | ||
| IV rt-PA + EVT | 22 (5.5) | 12 (5.3) | 10 (5.7) | ||
| Standardized treatment | 118 (29.3) | 63 (27.6) | 55 (31.4) | ||
| TOAST—no. (%) | 28.356 | < 0.001 | |||
| LAA | 232 (57.6) | 128 (56.1) | 104 (59.4) | ||
| CE | 107 (26.6) | 46 (20.2) | 61 (34.9) | ||
| Other | 64 (15.9) | 54 (23.7) | 10 (5.7) | ||
p-value < 0.05 are shown in bold
SBP systolic pressure, DBP diastolic pressure, NIHSS National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, BMI body mass index p-value, intergroup difference; LAA large-artery atherosclerosis, CE cardioembolic